【作者】 王晓燕；

【导师】 肖金明；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 法律（非法学）（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 我国积极老龄化国家战略的提出,表明我国加强对老年人社会参与的重视。当前立法中,老年人社会参与是根据自身意愿和社会需求,平等参与国家经济、政治、公益和组织活动。《老年人权益保障法》将其进行专章规定以保障有法可依。老年人参与社会活动一方面老年人参与社会可以缓解老龄化带来的社会矛盾,转变社会对老年人的错误认知;另一方面老年人利用平等发展平台寻找新的社会角色,减少角色中断为其带来的不利影响。目前,老年人参与的经济活动多为继续从事以往的劳动,创业的老年人占比低。公益活动以社区志愿者活动为主。社区的重大决策不会征求老年人的意见。其背后反映出老年人在社会参与过程中受到政策环境和社会氛围等现实条件的制约,其中最严重的制约是年龄歧视问题。老年人的维护参与权的案件少之又少,主要为已退休老年人继续劳动的劳动争议案件。这主要是老年人的法律意识淡薄,并未认识到权利被侵害或者已经将年龄歧视当作常态。但由于法律规范之间缺乏系统性、统一性,法院往往以达到退休年龄作为终止劳动关系的依据,判定老年人与用人单位之间仅存在劳务关系,最终以驳回诉讼请求而收场。这反映出老年人社会参与权的权利内容模糊,保障力度低且缺乏救济途径。一些较早进入老龄化社会的国家（地区）,经过多年的摸索,已经形成系统化的应对老龄化策略,为完善我国社会参与权保障路径提供经验。虽然情况不同,但老龄化程度都很严重。日本和美国制定反对年龄歧视的专门法律为老年人提供良好的参与氛围。日本为缓解少子老龄化带来的危害,制定鼓励老年人就业和创业的政策法规。美国和中国台湾为提高老年人的人力资源素质,实行终身学习制度。英国、美国、新加坡对于法律援助服务及老年人特殊的审判程序进行规定,为我国完善老年人救济路径提供经验。根据我国老龄化的发展现状并借鉴域外成功的经验,力图构建该权利的实现路径,为该权利实现保驾护航。首先,最根本的路径是制定反年龄歧视法,明确规定各方义务主体的保障责任并积极引导老年人积极应对年龄歧视。其次,构建以积极老龄化战略为立法指引的,以四个基本原则为根本指导的,以该权利相关规定为规制的法律规范体系。最后,完善救济路径,为老年人提供公共法律服务,并设立老年审判庭等适合老年人的司法救济渠道。更多还原

【Abstract】 The proposal of the national strategy for active aging of our country shows that our country has strengthened its emphasis on the social participation of the elderly.In the current legislation,the elderly’s social participation is equal participation in the country’s economic,political,public welfare and organizational activities based on their own wishes and social needs.The Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly has a special chapter to ensure that there are laws to follow.This is an advancement in legislation.Participation of the elderly in social activities On the one hand,the participation of the elderly in society can alleviate the social conflicts caused by aging and change the society’s misunderstanding of the elderly;on the other hand,the elderly use the equal development platform to find new social roles and reduce the interruption of roles.The adverse effects of the elderly.At present,most of the economic activities the elderly participate in are continuing to engage in previous labor,and the proportion of elderly entrepreneurs who start their own businesses is low.Public welfare activities are mainly community volunteer activities.The elderly will not be consulted for major decisions in the community.It reflects that the elderly are restricted by the policy environment and social atmosphere in the process of social participation.The most serious restriction is the problem of age discrimination.There are very few cases in which the elderly maintain their right to participate,and they are mainly labor disputes involving retired elderly people who continue to work.This is mainly because the elderly have weak legal awareness and have not realized that their rights have been violated or have taken age discrimination as the norm.However,due to the lack of systemicity and uniformity between legal norms,courts often use retirement age as the basis for terminating the labor relationship,determining that there is only a labor relationship between the elderly and the employer,and ultimately rejecting the litigation request.This reflects the obscure content of the rights of the elderly in social participation rights,low protection and lack of relief channels.Some countries（regions） that have entered an aging society earlier have formed a systematic strategy to deal with aging after years of exploration,providing experience for improving our country’s social participation rights protection path.Japan and the United States have formulated special laws against age discrimination to provide senior citizens with a good atmosphere for participation.In order to alleviate the harm caused by the declining birthrate and aging population,Japan has formulated policies and regulations to encourage the employment and entrepreneurship of the elderly.The United States and China’s Taiwan have implemented lifelong learning systems to improve the quality of human resources of the elderly.The United Kingdom,the United States,and Singapore have stipulated legal aid services and special trial procedures for the elderly,providing experience for my country to improve the relief path for the elderly.Based on the current development of aging in our country and drawing on successful experience from outside the region,we will try to construct a path for the realization of the right of social participation for the elderly in our country.First,the most fundamental path is to formulate an anti-age discrimination law,clarify the guarantee responsibilities of all parties’ obligations and actively guide the elderly to actively respond to age discrimination.Secondly,build a legal and normative system that is guided by the active aging strategy,guided by the four basic principles,and regulated by the relevant provisions of the right.Finally,improve the relief path,provide public legal services for the elderly,and set up judicial relief channels suitable for the elderly such as the elderly court.更多还原