【作者】 王倩；

【导师】 裴丽萍；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 法律硕士（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 典当制度在我国有着悠久的历史,其在我国法律和经济社会中几经衰落,然而随着市场经济的发展,典当作为一种融资方式以其简捷、高效的特点被广泛使用,在司法实务中也越发普遍。但我国相关法律对其并没有明确规定,现代典当不同于传统典当,传统典当以“以物易钱”的动产典当为主,不动产典当一般为土地和田宅的“典卖”。典当发展至今,逐渐演变为以房地产抵押典当为主的模式,包含借贷性质的债权债务关系与担保性质的物权关系。台湾典权在借鉴传统典权的基础上规制的更加具体,规定了典权登记等制度,现代典当业务中并未就典权登记予以规定而规定的是出当房地产的抵押登记。因此房地产典当业务也逐渐与房地产抵押借款相趋同,但二者在主体资格、权利性质、营利内容、法律效果、主体相对性等都有所区别。在一般的房地产抵押为担保的借款合同中,抵押物未登记产生的后果是抵押权未设立但并不影响抵押借款合同的生效。但是在房地产典当中却不一定适用该原理,因为典当关系的特殊性,出当房地产未办理抵押登记时,关于典当合同的法律效力、典当法律关系是否成立以及对典当行实现债权的影响等问题,理论界和实务界存在较大的争议,经常出现同案不同判的困境。本文主要研究的就是《民法典》视角下出当房地产抵押登记的法律适用问题,以及相关司法裁判认定路径,即出当房地产未经抵押登记时,对典当合同的效力、典当法律关系、典当行实现债权的影响问题。本文包括导论和四章正文及结论共六个部分。导论主要介绍研究缘起,包括选题的提出、选题的目的、选题的理论与现实意义以及研究综述;第二部分是对房地产抵押登记的司法实践困境进行分析,对现存的司法裁判样本进行归纳整理,得出房地产当物未办理抵押登记时的主要裁判路径,引出房地产当物未办理抵押登记适用中存在的问题,第三部分是根据第二部分司法裁判中存在的问题进行法理分析,包括典当合同的基本理论、房地产典当的相关学说与法理分析、出当房地产抵押权的设立与物权变动模式之间的关系、以及出当房地产抵押登记与否对典当合同的效力及典当法律关系的影响。第四部分讨论《民法典》视角下出当房地产抵押登记的法律适用,包括《民法典》388条第1款与《民法典》第401条下出当房地产抵押登记的法律适用问题;第五部分讨论出当房地产未办理抵押登记司法裁判路径,即出当房地产未办理抵押登记时合同效力的认定、对典当行实现债权方式的认定,以及法律法规的选择和适用。最后一部分为结论,主要就全文进行小结。更多还原

【Abstract】 The pawn system has a long history in our country,and it has declined several times in our country’s laws and economic society.However,with the development of the market economy,pawn as a financing method has been widely used due to its simplicity and efficiency.It is also widely used in judicial practice.More and more common.However,the relevant laws of our country do not clearly stipulate it.Modern pawns are different from traditional pawns.Traditional pawns are mainly movable property pawns that "change goods for money",and real estate pawns are generally the "pawn sale" of land and farms.Since the development of pawn,it has gradually evolved into a model based on real estate mortgage pawn,which includes the relationship between creditor’s rights and debts in the nature of borrowing and the relationship of real rights in the nature of guaranty.Taiwan Dianquan is more specific on the basis of drawing on the traditional pawning rights.It stipulates the registration of the mortgage rights and other systems.The modern pawn business does not provide for the registration of the mortgage rights but stipulates the mortgage registration of the real estate.Therefore,the real estate pawn business has gradually become the same as the real estate mortgage loan,but the two are different in the subject qualification,the nature of the right,the profit content,the legal effect,and the relativity of the subject.In general loan contracts secured by real estate mortgages,the consequence of the unregistered mortgage is that the mortgage right is not established but does not affect the effective of the mortgage loan contract.However,this principle is not necessarily applicable in real estate codes.Because of the particularity of the pawn relationship,when the real estate is not registered for mortgage,the legal effect of the pawn contract,whether the legal relationship of pawn is established,and the impact on the realization of the creditor’s rights of the pawnshop,There are big disputes between the theoretical and practical circles,and the dilemma of different judgments in the same case often arises.This article mainly studies the legal application of real estate mortgage registration from the perspective of the "Civil Code",as well as the identification path of related judicial judgments,that is,the validity of the pawn contract,the legal relationship of the pawn,and the pawnshop when the real estate is not registered in the mortgage.The issue of the impact of the realization of claims.This article includes six parts including introduction,four chapters and conclusions.The introduction mainly introduces the origin of the research,including the proposal of the topic,the purpose of the topic,the theoretical and practical significance of the topic,and the research summary;the second part is an analysis of the judicial practice dilemma of real estate mortgage registration,and a sample of existing judicial judgments Summarize and sort out the main path of judgment when real estate objects are not registered for mortgage,and lead to problems in the application of mortgage registration for real estate objects.The third part is a legal analysis based on the problems in the second part of the judicial judgment.Including the basic theories of the pawn contract,the relevant theories and legal analysis of real estate pawn,the relationship between the establishment of real estate mortgage and the mode of property rights change,and the effect of whether the real estate mortgage is registered or not on the effectiveness of the pawn contract and the legal relationship of pawn Impact.The fourth part discusses the legal application of real estate mortgage registration from the perspective of the Civil Code,including the legal application of real estate mortgage registration under Article 388,paragraph 1 of the Civil Code and Article 401 of the Civil Code;Part of the discussion is the path of judicial judgment when real estate has not gone through mortgage registration,that is,the determination of contract validity when real estate has not gone through mortgage registration,the determination of the way the pawnshop realizes its creditor’s rights,and the choice and application of laws and regulations.The last part is the conclusion,which mainly summarizes the full text.更多还原