【作者】 张帆；

【导师】 任绍斌；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 城市规划， 2021， 硕士

【副题名】以武汉市主城区为例

【摘要】 2018年12月我国新版《城市居住区规划设计标准》(以下简称“新版《标准》”)的颁布,引发了各行各业人群的广泛关注。新版《标准》作为当前及未来城市居住区建设的指导性文件,充分汲取了国内外城市居住区规划建设的既有经验和研究成果,其中基于“生活圈”理论而提出的居住区分级模式和配套设施配置标准,体现出了未来城市人居的理念,也勾勒出了我国城市居住空间的结构模式和未来图景。然而,我国城市居住区规划建设模式及配套设施配置的现实和标准之间存在着怎样的差距?如何消弥两者间的差距?是追求高品质人居环境时代必须思考的命题。鉴于此,研究选取与居民息息相关的居住区配套设施作为研究对象,以新版《标准》为参照系,对武汉市主城区内居住区配套设施现状实施评估,分析其配置建设的问题现状及其原因,探讨其与配置标准之间的契合度及适应性特征,进而提出居住区配套设施建设的提升策略及新版《标准》中配置标准的优化建议。研究的内容包括以下四个部分:首先,是基础理论研究。其一,借鉴居住区配套设施的相关研究成果,厘清居住区配套设施评估研究的关键问题;其二,结合生活圈理论的相关研究,阐释新版《标准》的居住区分级模式及配套设施配置原则,确定评估目标与原则;其三,梳理我国居住区配套设施配置标准的发展历程,理清新版居住区标准与历年居住区规范之间的差异,明确评估要点。其次,明确评估对象及构建居住区配套设施评估体系。研究以武汉市主城区为研究对象,在梳理武汉市社区生活圈类型和配套设施现状布局的基础上,选取3个典型的街道片区作为研究样本。依据新版《标准》中的相关规定,评估各个生活圈层级的居住区配套设施建设状况、设施覆盖率、居民可达性和居民满意度,从配套设施供给和需求两个层面构建配套设施评估体系。再次,对典型街道片区内的居住区配套设施实施评估。从15分钟生活圈、10分钟生活圈、5分钟生活圈和居住街坊四个层级,分别对3个街道片区内的居住区配套设施的配置状况展开评估。居住区配套设施的配置状况具体指标包括四个方面:设施的建设达标率,主要包括设施数量达标率和设施面积达标率;设施覆盖率,即为设施服务半径对应的覆盖率;居民可达性,即是在三个街道片区内分别选取一个小区,衡量居民自家出发在5分钟、10分钟、15分钟范围内可以获取的设施类型及设施数量;居民满意度,即是居民对于生活圈范围内配套设施的需求与满意度评价。基于以上分析,归纳总结出居住区配套设施配置的现状特征及存在的问题。最后,分析评估结果,提出优化策略。通过老城区、建成区与新建区的3个街道片区内配套设施配置状况的横向对比,及15分钟、10分钟和5分钟生活圈配套设施的配置状况的纵向对比,分析居住配套设施在配置标准、实施管理、运营维护等方面存在的问题及其原因,探讨其与新版《标准》之间的匹配度及适应性特征,进而提出居住区配套设施配置建设的提升策略,并对新版《标准》中配置标准的优化提出建议。在新旧标准迭代更新之际,研究通过对武汉市主城区范围内居住区配套设施的配置状况的评估,一方面可以较好的检验新版标准的适应性,并给予新版标准积极的意见反馈;另一方面,揭示出我国居住区配套设施配置方面存在的问题,并提出相应的提升策略,对高品质的居住区规划建设进行了有益的探索。更多还原

【Abstract】 In December 2018,the new "Urban Residential Area Planning and Design Standards"(hereinafter referred to as the "New Standard")was promulgated,which has aroused wide attention from people of all walks of life.New standard "as the guidance document of current and future urban residential district construction,from the urban residential area planning and construction of both at home and abroad experience and research results,which based on the theory of" life ",and residential area classification model and supporting facilities configuration standards,reflects the concept of future urban human settlements,and draw the outline of the structure mode of the urban residential space in China and the future prospect.However,what kind of gap exists between the reality and standard of urban residential planning and construction mode and supporting facilities configuration in China?How to bridge the gap between the two? Is the pursuit of high quality living environment times must think about the proposition.In view of this,the selection is closely related to the residents of residential facilities as the research object,frame of reference for the new"standard",the implementation of evaluation about the present situation of wuhan city within the city residential facilities,to analyze its configuration problem of the construction of the present situation and the reasons,discuss the fit between standard and characteristic of adaptability and put forward for the construction of residential facilities upgrade strategy and the new "standard" in standard configuration optimization Suggestions.The research content includes the following four parts:First of all,basic theoretical research.First,draw lessons from the related research results of residential supporting facilities,clarify the key issues of residential supporting facilities evaluation research;Secondly,based on the related research of the living circle theory,the classification model of residential areas and the principle of supporting facilities in the new version of the Standard are explained,and the assessment objectives and principles are determined.Thirdly,the development process of supporting facilities configuration standards in residential areas in China is sorted out,the differences between the new residential standards and the residential standards in previous years are clarified,and the key points of assessment are defined.Secondly,the evaluation object is defined and the evaluation system of residential supporting facilities is constructed.This study takes the main urban area of Wuhan City as the research object,and on the basis of sorting out the types of community living circles and the current layout of supporting facilities in Wuhan City,three typical street areas are selected as the research samples.According to the relevant provisions in the new version of the Standard,the construction status,facility coverage,accessibility and satisfaction of residents of residential supporting facilities at each living circle level are evaluated,and the supporting facilities evaluation system is constructed from the two levels of supporting facilities supply and demand.Thirdly,the supporting facilities of residential areas in typical street areas are evaluated.From the four levels of 15-minute living circle,10-minute living circle,5-minute living circle and living neighborhood,this paper evaluates the configuration of supporting facilities of residential areas in three street areas respectively.The specific indicators of the configuration of supporting facilities in residential areas include four aspects: the construction rate of facilities up to the standard,mainly including the number of facilities up to the standard rate and the area of facilities up to the standard rate;Facility coverage,namely the coverage rate corresponding to the service radius of the facility;The accessibility of residents refers to the selection of a community in three street areas to measure the types and quantity of facilities available to residents within 5,10 and 15 minutes of their own setting out.Residents’ satisfaction refers to the evaluation of residents’ demand and satisfaction for supporting facilities within the living circle.Based on the above analysis,this paper summarizes the current characteristics and existing problems of supporting facilities in residential areas.Finally,the evaluation results are analyzed and optimization strategies are proposed.Through the old city,built up area and the new area three street district facilities configuration in horizontal comparison,and 15 minutes,10 minutes and 5 minutes life supporting facilities of the configuration of the longitudinal comparison,analysis of the standard of living facilities in the configuration,management,operation and maintenance of existing problems and the reasons,explore its compatibility with the new "standard" and adaptive characteristics,thus put forward the promotion strategy,for the construction of residential facilities configuration and the optimization of the new "standard" configuration standard are proposed.When the new and old standards are updated iteratively,the study can better test the adaptability of the new standard and give positive feedback by evaluating the configuration of supporting facilities in residential areas within the main urban area of Wuhan.On the other hand,it reveals the problems existing in the configuration of supporting facilities in residential areas in China,and puts forward the corresponding promotion strategies,and carries on beneficial exploration to the planning and construction of high-quality residential areas.更多还原