【作者】 陈飞；

【导师】 覃亚伟；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 建筑与土木工程， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 随着经济的发展,高层公共建筑数量增多,同时其火灾发生的频率较高且危害较大。为了提升高层公共建筑的安全性,减少火灾事故造成的损失,本文以某高层酒店为研究对象,利用FDS和Pathfinder软件进行火灾模拟及人员疏散模拟,对高层建筑机电维修重点、建筑布局及疏散方案提出建议。本文所做研究工作如下:首先,进行消防系统故障下的高层酒店火灾模拟。以武汉市某高层酒店为实例建模,假设单一消防系统故障:自动喷淋系统故障及消防排烟系统故障,进行火灾模拟分析,得出系统故障对火灾的影响程度。再进一步假设两个系统同时故障,分多种情况研究其对火灾的影响,同时进行温度、烟气浓度对风机故障数量变化的敏感性分析。研究结果表明:喷淋系统故障对火灾影响较大,排烟系统故障对火灾影响程度很大,日常维修中应重点关注喷淋系统及个别排烟风机运维情况,风机故障数量每增加一个,温度上升1℃,烟气浓度增加25ppm。其次,进行不同影响因素下的高层酒店人员疏散模拟。仿照实物建立模型,以出口宽度、楼梯宽度、消防电梯投入使用范围、团队行动等待时间及最大距离、逃生指示系统等主要影响因素为变量,研究对疏散时间的影响。研究结果表明:消防电梯用于疏散顶上两层人员时,疏散时间减少11.1%,低层人员通过外侧楼梯疏散时,疏散时间减少为17.6%,其余因素改善疏散时间减少小于3%。本文通过实际工程案例,对高层酒店火灾及疏散进行仿真模拟,为消防系统日常维修重点提出建议并对疏散方案进行优化。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of science and technology,the number of high-rise public buildings is increasing.At the same time,the frequency of fire is high and the harm is great.In order to improve the safety of high-rise public buildings and reduce the losses caused by fire accidents,this thesis takes a high-rise hotel in Wuhan as the research object,uses FDS software and Pathfinder software for fire simulation and evacuation simulation,and puts forward suggestions on the daily maintenance focus,building layout and evacuation scheme of high-rise buildings.The research work of this thesis was as follows::Firstly,the fire simulation of high-rise hotel under fire system failure was carried out.Taking a high-rise hotel in Wuhan as an example,the fire simulation analysis was carried out under the assumption of single fire system failure: automatic sprinkler system failure and fire smoke exhaust system failure,and the influence degree of system failure on fire was obtained.Furthermore,it was assumed that two systems fail at the same time,and its influence on fire was studied in several minutes.At the same time,the sensitivity of temperature and flue gas concentration to the change of fan failure number was analyzed.The research results showed that the failure of spray system and smoke exhaust system had a great influence on fire.In daily maintenance,attention should be paid to the operation and maintenance of spray system and individual fans.When the number of fan failures increased by one,the temperature rose by 1℃ and the smoke concentration increased by 25 ppm.Secondly,the evacuation simulation was carried out.The model was established by imitating the real object,and the main influencing factors such as exit width,stair width,fire elevator operation range,team action waiting time and maximum distance,escape indication system were taken as variables to conduct single variable research,and the best value or scheme of each influencing factor was obtained.In this paper,the fire and evacuation of high-rise hotels were simulated through practical engineering cases,and suggestions were put forward for the daily maintenance of fire protection system and the evacuation scheme was optimized.更多还原