【作者】 李敏；

【导师】 田恩舜；

【作者基本信息】 中南民族大学 ， 高等教育学， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 “少数民族高层次骨干人才计划”(以下简称“少骨计划”)是由五部委根据我国民族地区高素质人才匮乏的现实情况以及响应国家西部大开发战略联合发布的一项具有中国特色的民族教育政策。旨在缩小东西部地区发展差距,实现各民族共同发展。“少骨计划”实施以来,为民族地区培养以及输送了一大批高层次人才,极大地促进了民族地区经济社会的发展。但是,在该政策实施的过程中,违约问题越来越突出,直接影响“少骨计划”政策的有效性。少骨毕业生违约的原因何在?是政策本身的问题,还是政策执行不力?如何破解少骨毕业生的定向就业困境,使得“少骨计划”政策得到有效地实施,是本文主要研究及解决的问题。首先,笔者采用文献法以及文本分析法搜集整理2006年至今“少骨计划”就业政策的相关政策文本,总结“少骨计划”就业政策的变迁以及不同时期国家对“少骨计划”就业政策的相关规定,从而分析政策目标与现实的冲突,为本文的研究奠定基础。其次,以武汉市八所部属高校为例,选取若干名已经毕业的少骨研究生以及高校就业指导处老师作为样本,通过访谈法对少骨毕业生就业现状进行调查。研究发现定向就业执行中各相关主体由于受工具理性的影响,在定向就业执行过程中采取符合自身利益的行为偏好,不同主体的行为偏好影响少骨毕业生就业时的行为选择,并进一步论述各主体的行为偏好对少骨生违约的影响。再次,深入探究少骨毕业生违约问题产生的原因。研究发现问责机制的缺失、相关主体缺乏沟通,获得政策信息不对称、培养高校就业管理不完善、少骨生本人社会流动愿意受阻,缺乏奉献精神以及社会环境等因素影响了少骨毕业生就业时的行为选择,最终导致了少骨毕业生违约问题的产生。最后,为解决本少骨毕业生违约问题,提高政策的有效性,本文从政府、培养高校、少骨生以及社会四个方面提出相应的对策。政府层面:建立问责机制,强化少骨毕业生就业监管;创新就业政策,增强制度弹性;建立相关主体有效的交流沟通机制。培养高校层面:完善就业指导体系,提供针对性的就业指导;进行定期动向调查,解决少骨生就业疑难。少骨生层面:树立正确的价值观,开展自我调试;正确看待定向就业,做好职业规划。社会层面:加大对民族地区的经济投入,吸引少骨生就业;增强少骨生民族认同感;家庭转变思想观念,鼓励子女服务家乡,奉献社会。更多还原

【Abstract】 "High level backbone talents plan for ethnic minorities"(hereinafter referred to as "the minority backbone plan")is a national education policy with Chinese characteristics issued by five ministries and commissions according to the reality of the lack of high-quality talents in ethnic areas of China and in response to the strategy of western development.It aims at narrowing the gap between the east and the west and realizing the common development and prosperity of all ethnic groups.Since the plan implementation,it has cultivated and transported a large number of high level talents to the west and ethnic minority areas and greatly promoted the social and economic development of the ethnic areas.However,during the process of implementation,the problem of breach of contract is becoming more and more prominent;it directly affects the policy effectiveness.What are the reasons of contract breaches? Is it the policy itself or the policy implementation is not in the place? How to solve the employment dilemma of students and make the plan effectively implemented is the main problem to be researched and solved in this paper.First of all,the author uses the method of literature and text analysis to collect and sort out the relevant policy texts of the employment policy of "the minority backbone plan" since 2006,and summarizes the changes of it and the relevant provisions of the employment policy of it in different periods,and analyzes the conflict between the policy objectives and reality,so as to lay the foundation for this study.Secondly,this paper taking eight ministry-run universities of Wuhan as example,selecting a number of "the minority backbone plan" graduates and the teachers of employment department in colleges as samples,and investigating the employment status of them through interviews.It is found that the relevant subjects adopt the behavior preference in line with their own interests in the implementation process of directional employment,and the behavior preference of different subjects affects the employment behavior choice of "the minority backbone plan" graduates.Furthermore,it discusses the influence of each subject’s behavior preference on student’s breach of contract.Thirdly,this paper explores the causes of the problem of "the minority backbone plan" students’ breach of contract.It is found that the lack of accountability mechanism,the lack of communication and asymmetric access to policy information of relevant subjects,the imperfect employment management of colleges,the students’ willing to realize social status is hindered and their lack of dedication and the social environment factors affect "the minority backbone plan" students,which eventually leads to the problem of student’ breach of contract.Finally,in order to solve the problem of students’ breach of contract and improve the effectiveness of the policy,this paper puts forward specific countermeasures and suggestions from four aspects: the government,the colleges,the "the minority backbone plan" students and the social.At the government level,accountability mechanism should be established to strengthen the employment supervision of "the minority backbone plan" graduates;employment policies should be innovated to enhance institutional flexibility;an effective communication mechanism should be established among the relevant subjects.At the College level: They should improve the employment guidance system to provide targeted employment guidance and conduct regular trend survey to solve the employment problems of "the minority backbone plan" students.At students’ level,student themselves should establish the correct values and carry out self adjustment so as to have a correct understanding of the directional employment and do a good job in career planning;enhancing the sense of ethnic identity.At the Social level: it is necessary to increase economic investment in ethnic areas to attract students return directional place for employment and enhance the ethnic identity of students;the family should change their ideas to encourage children to serve their hometown and contribute to society.更多还原