【作者】 张瑶；

【导师】 郎晓娟；

【作者基本信息】 中南财经政法大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 现如今,中国人口老龄化程度不断加深,老龄化及其衍生的老年人健康问题日益严峻,不容忽视。党的十九大报告提出要实施健康中国战略,完善国民健康政策,为人民群众提供全方位全周期健康服务。世界卫生组织提出健康老龄化、积极老龄化等理念,而提升老年人心理健康水平,是实现健康老龄化、积极老龄化的必由之路。与城市地区相比,农村地区没有制度性的退休约束,在很多农村地区一些农民领取养老金后依旧需要从事农业劳动生产。然而随着近年来我国土地流转和规模经营有序推进,对一些地区的农村居民来说,将农地承包经营权流转给他人更像是一种事实意义上的退休。许多学者研究发现退休会对老年人心理健康状况产生影响,那么我们是否可以将农地转出作为退休的替代机制来研究农地转出对老年人心理健康状况的影响呢?目前还比较缺乏这方面的研究。分析农地转出对老年人心理健康状况的影响,不仅具有理论意义,也对促进农地流转、改善老年人心理健康状况、提升老年人生活满意度和幸福感、发展积极老龄化和健康老龄化有着现实意义。本文采用文献研究和实证分析等方法,以产权理论、农户行为理论为基础,梳理了国内外有关老年人心理健康状况影响因素、农地转出相关研究、农地转出对老年人心理健康状况影响的研究文献,基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2015年数据实证分析农地转出对老年人心理健康状况的影响及其路径。首先分析农地转出状况及老年人心理健康状况,对样本情况进行详细介绍。其次从理论层面探讨农地转出对老年人心理健康状况的影响机理并提出研究假设。然后实证检验农地转出对老年人心理健康状况的影响。在实证分析部分,基于变量选取与模型设定,利用Logit模型分析农地转出对老年人心理健康状况的影响;为了解决内生性问题,进一步引入“村级农地转出水平”作为工具变量,采用两阶段最小二乘法(2SLS)进行回归;并采用更换解释变量、被解释变量以及倾向得分匹配等方法来进行稳健性检验以及从性别和地区两个方面进行异质性分析。进一步引入社会交往和子女经济支持两个机制变量检验农地转出影响老年人心理健康状况的影响路径,分别采用逐步法和KHB方法进行中介效应检验和分解。最后基于研究结论提出鼓励老年人转出农地和加强对转出农地老年人心理健康支持的建议。研究结果表明:第一,农地转出对老年人的心理健康状况有显著的正向影响;为解决内生性问题,在引入工具变量村级农地转出水平之后,通过2SLS回归发现农地转出对老年人心理健康状况的正向影响依旧显著;分别将解释变量农地转出替换为农地转出率、将被解释变量心理健康替换为抑郁情绪数量以及基于倾向得分匹配方法进行稳健性检验,结果显示基准回归结果依旧稳健;第二,从性别和地区两方面进行异质性分析发现,在女性样本和东部地区样本中农地转出对老年人心理健康状况的正向影响比较显著。第三,在进行农地转出影响老年人心理健康状况的机制检验时,发现社会交往和子女经济支持在农地转出与老年人心理健康状况之间是中介效应。在此基础上,本文认为要改善农村老年人的心理健康状况需要鼓励老年人转出农地以及加强对转出农地老年人的经济支持和社会交往支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nowadays,China’s population is aging continuously,and the aging and its derived health problems of the elderly are becoming more and more serious,which cannot be ignored.The report of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to implement a healthy China strategy,improve the national health policy,and provide the people with a full range of full-cycle health services.The World Health Organization puts forward the concepts of healthy aging and active aging,and improving the mental health of the elderly is the only way to achieve healthy aging and active aging.Compared with urban areas,there are no institutional retirement restrictions in rural areas.In many rural areas,some farmers still need to engage in agricultural production after receiving pensions.However,with the orderly advancement of land transfer and large-scale operations in my country in recent years,for rural residents in some areas,transferring farmland contractual management rights to others is more like retirement in a de facto sense.Many scholars have found that retirement will have an impact on the mental health of the elderly,so can we use the transfer of agricultural land as an alternative mechanism for retirement to study the impact of the transfer of agricultural land on the mental health of the elderly? There is still a lack of research in this area.Analyzing the impact of farmland transfer on the mental health of the elderly is not only of theoretical significance,but also for promoting farmland transfer,improving the mental health of the elderly,enhancing the life satisfaction and happiness of the elderly,and developing active aging and healthy aging Transformation has practical significance.This article uses literature research and empirical analysis methods,based on property rights theory and farmer behavior theory,to sort out the factors affecting the mental health of the elderly at home and abroad,related research on the transfer of agricultural land,and the effects of the transfer of agricultural land on the mental health of the elderly.The research literature on the impact,based on the 2015 data of the China Health and Elderly Care Tracking Survey(CHARLS),empirically analyzes the impact of agricultural land transfer on the mental health of the elderly and its path.First,analyze the status of farmland transfer and the mental health of the elderly,and introduce the sample situation in detail.Secondly,it discusses the mechanism of the impact of agricultural land transfer on the mental health of the elderly and puts forward research hypotheses.Then empirically test the impact of farmland transfer on the mental health of the elderly.In the empirical analysis part,based on variable selection and model setting,the Logit model is used to analyze the impact of agricultural land transfer on the mental health of the elderly;in order to solve the endogenous problem,the "village-level agricultural land transfer level" is further introduced as an instrumental variable,Using the two-stage least squares method(2SLS)for regression;and using methods such as replacing explanatory variables,explained variables,and propensity score matching to conduct robustness testing and conduct heterogeneity analysis from gender and region.The two mechanism variables of social interaction and children’s economic support are further introduced to test the influence path of the transfer of agricultural land to the mental health of the elderly.The stepwise method and the KHB method are used to test and decompose the mediation effect respectively.Finally,based on the research conclusions,suggestions are made to encourage the elderly to transfer out of farmland and strengthen the mental health support for the elderly who transfer out of farmland.The research results show that: First,the transfer of agricultural land has a significant positive impact on the mental health of the elderly;in order to solve the endogenous problem,after the introduction of the instrumental variable village-level agricultural land transfer level,the 2SLS regression finds that the agricultural land The positive effect of transfer-out on the mental health of the elderly is still significant;the explanatory variable farmland transfer-out is replaced by the farmland transfer-out rate,the explanatory variable mental health is replaced by the amount of depression,and the propensity score matching method is used for robustness test,the results show that the benchmark regression results are still robust;second,the analysis of heterogeneity in terms of gender and region found that the transfer of agricultural land in the sample of women and the eastern region has a significant positive impact on the mental health of the elderly.Third,when conducting a test of the mechanism that the transfer of agricultural land affects the mental health of the elderly,it is found that social interaction and children’s financial support are mediating effects between the transfer of agricultural land and the mental health of the elderly.On this basis,this article believes that in order to improve the mental health of the rural elderly,it is necessary to encourage the elderly to transfer out of farmland and strengthen the economic support and social communication support for the transferred out of farmland.更多还原