【作者】 张婷；

【导师】 李祖军；

【作者基本信息】 西南政法大学 ， 法律（非法学）（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 夫妻共同债务的认定一直是实践中的难题,为此出台了一系列的法律文件,重视程度可见一斑。而在解决执行难的今天,夫妻共同债务纠纷的解决显得更加重要。在执行程序中,只有夫妻一方负债,执行依据也仅仅载明了负债一方为责任人却并没有对债务性质进行认定的,能否基于夫妻共同债务追加被执行人的配偶为被执行人并执行夫妻共同财产?对这一问题应该如何解决,不仅理论界观点不一,司法实务界也做法各异。最高人民法院制订了《关于民事执行中变更、追加当事人若干问题的规定》以保证在执行程序中法律的正确适用,正确处理执行程序中变更、追加当事人问题,及时有效地执行生效法律文书,维护当事人的合法权利,,根据法定主义原则,由此各法院统一了执行中不予进行实体问题判定并不予追加配偶为被执行人的做法。这样的规定,固然能在一定程度上缓解夫妻之间债务的执行乱问题,但是却加剧了执行难。因此本着具体问题具体分析的原则,在正义和效率之间找到一个合适的平衡支点,找到合适的解决之道,文章探讨了在执行程序中基于夫妻共同债务为前提追加被执行人的配偶为被执行人的可行性。本文除引言、结语外,分四个部分展开论述。第一部分,追加被执行人配偶的现状分析。本部分首先对我国追加当事人的立法现状进行分析,而后通过归纳总结类似案例等,分析司法实践中对此类问题的处理方式,进而对审判中存在的问题及原因进行总结。第二部分,追加被执行人配偶问题的处理争议分析。本部分主要分析现在司法实践中和理论界对能否在执行程序中追加配偶的处理意见,主要有三种:可以认定债务性质并裁定追加;不予追加,需要另行诉讼解决;不予追加,但可以执行配偶名下的财产。分析不同处理意见的可行之处和存在的弊端,以平衡诉讼公正和执行效率为目标,寻找对此问题更可行的处理办法。第三部分,追加被执行人配偶的理论基础和必要性。执行力主观范围的扩张作为执行中变更追加当事人的理论依据,也可作为执行中追加配偶为被执行人的理论基础,基于夫妻共同债务的连带性,执行力主观范围扩张至配偶具有实体正当性。基于对法律经济价值的追求、执行效率价值的追求以及缓解执行难,探讨在执行程序中可否追加被执行人配偶具有相当的必要性。第四部分,对追加被执行人配偶问题的解决及完善建议。本部分在前面论述的基础上提出对此类问题的解决之策,即要解决夫妻共同债务执行的困境,需要在诉讼阶段进行把关,如果审判阶段认为案涉债务涉及到夫妻共同债务则追加配偶为共同诉讼人,根据具体审判情况判定债务性质并确定案件具体责任人;而且在实际生活中要对债务人和债权人各方进行引导,尽量使形成“共债共签”的意识,在债务形成阶段就消灭涉及夫妻共同债务纠纷的可能性。并且要完善被执行人配偶追加的程序,严格按照法定程序追加配偶,更要注重配偶权利的救济和保障。更多还原

【Abstract】 The identification of the joint debt of husband and wife has always been a difficult problem in practice.Therefore,a series of legal documents have been issued,and the degree of attention can be seen.Today,it is more important to solve the joint debt disputes between husband and wife.In the execution procedure,if only one of the husband and wife is in debt and the execution basis only states that the one in debt is the responsible person,can the spouse of the person to be executed be added as the person to be executed and the joint property of the husband and wife be executed based on the joint debt of the husband and wife? How to solve this problem is not only different in theory,but also different in judicial practice.In order to ensure the correct application of the law in the execution procedure,correctly handle the problems of changing and adding the parties in the execution procedure,timely and effectively implement the effective legal documents,and safeguard the legitimate rights of the parties,the Supreme People’s court has formulated the provisions on some problems of changing and adding the parties in the civil execution,As a result,the courts have unified the practice of not making substantive judgment and not adding spouse as the executee.This kind of regulation can alleviate the problem of disorderly execution of debts between husband and wife to a certain extent,but it aggravates the difficulty of execution.Therefore,in line with the principle of specific analysis of specific problems,we should find a suitable balance fulcrum between justice and efficiency,and find a suitable solution.This paper discusses the feasibility of adding the spouse of the person to be executed as the person to be executed based on the joint debt of husband and wife in the execution process.In addition to the introduction and conclusion,this paper is divided into four parts.The first part is the analysis of the current situation of the spouse.This part first analyzes the legislative status of additional parties in our country,and then analyzes the handling opinions of such problems in judicial practice by summarizing similar cases,and then summarizes the problems and reasons in the trial.The second part is the analysis of different opinions on the spouse of the executed.This part mainly analyzes the opinions of judicial practice and theoretical circles on whether spouses can be added in the execution procedure.There are mainly three kinds of opinions: the nature of debt can be identified and the additional judgment can be made;It is not added and needs to be solved by another lawsuit;It shall not be added,but the property in the name of the spouse may be executed.This paper analyzes the feasibility and disadvantages of different treatment opinions,in order to balance the fairness of litigation and the efficiency of implementation,and find more feasible treatment methods.The third part is to add the theoretical basis and necessity of the spouse of the person to be executed.The expansion of subjective scope of executive power is the theoretical basis for changing the additional parties in the execution,and can also be used as the theoretical basis for the additional spouse in the execution as the executor.Based on the joint and several of the joint and several debts of the couple,the subjective scope of executive power expands to the spouse with substantive legitimacy.Based on the pursuit of the economic value of law,the pursuit of the value of efficiency of enforcement and the ease of the difficulty of implementation,it is necessary to explore whether the spouse of the person to be executed can be added in the execution procedure.The fourth part is the solution and improvement suggestions to the problem of additional spouse.On the basis of the previous discussion,this part puts forward the solutions to such problems,that is,to solve the dilemma of the implementation of the husband and wife’s joint debt,we need to check in the litigation stage.If we think that the debt involved in the case involves the husband and wife’s joint debt in the trial stage,we should add the spouse as the joint litigant,determine the nature of the debt and determine the specific person responsible for the case according to the specific trial situation;Moreover,in real life,we should guide the debtor and the creditor to form the consciousness of "joint debt and joint signature" as far as possible,and eliminate the possibility of joint debt disputes involving husband and wife in the debt formation stage.In addition,we should improve the procedure of spouse supplement,strictly follow the legal procedure,and pay more attention to the relief and protection of spouse rights.更多还原