【作者】 王丹；

【导师】 项继权；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 政治学理论， 2021， 硕士

【副题名】基于农村宅基地改革的比较分析

【摘要】 农村宅基地作为我国一种特有的土地利用类型,因严格身份限制、无偿使用与限制流转的政策安排,而被赋予了较强的社会稳定与社会保障功能。同时,宅基地作为农民的重要资产,农民拥有宅基地使用权却没有处置权、拥有资产却带不来财产收入,经济效益低下。强社会属性、弱经济属性的宅基地利用,其背后是宅基地政策安排中公平与效率两大价值取向的博弈。为协调与发展宅基地利用中的公平与效率目标,2015年中央授权宜城市、浏阳市、余江县等全国15个县(市)进行宅基地制度改革。聚焦于试点地区的政策目标选择,各地改革重心差异显著,形成了以优先发展效率目标或公民目标的差异化行动路径。那么,是什么原因型塑了地方差异化目标定位?差异化的行动路径能否回应探究公平与效率目标协调发展这一宏观政策要求?差异化的地方改革,是政策目标差异设定的直接结果。本文基于社会行动理论的认识,以情景作为影响目标选择这一政策行动的关键变量。为理解情景与目标选择间的互动逻辑,文章引入了政策分析的常用工具——情景分析法,并选取了情景分析的三个关键步骤,即改革场景、发展前景与目标选择,由此构建了情景—目标这一分析框架。运用此框架,再现了湖南省浏阳市和江西省余江县两地宅改目标选择的过程。研究发现,以政府制度、相关法律文件规定为内容的政治环境,以经济结构、集体经济发展现状、自然地理与区位发展优势为内容的经济环境,以价值观念、社会习俗与自治基础为内容的社会环境共同型塑了政策形成的基础性空间。优势情景要素影响下,地方改革主要呈现为两大发展趋向:即优先治理宅基地利用失序问题,基于宅基地经济属性的激活,可实现区域经济发展;亦或是优先治理占有失序问题,基于“一户一宅”“户有所居”的贯彻,可推动基层自治格局的优化。两地以其特定的基础性空间及政策作用向度的认识,将优先选择适应地方情景的政策目标。由对目标选择的情景分析可知,政策目标经历了从偏好到补偿,再到平衡的发展过程。这一目标演化逻辑,即是特定情景作用的结果,也是目标适应性特性型塑的过程。一方面,诸情景要素差异组合下型构的基础性空间与发展趋向,蕴含着地方特定的发展重点,使得地方政府在目标选择中表现出对某一目标的特殊偏好,以非均衡性目标建构行动适应地发展需要。另一方面,区域发展还受内部潜在“短板”的威胁与外部宏观情景的约束,地方在其改革实践中又以目标补偿性行动带动另一目标的建构,以地方的整体性发展适应宏观政策情景。总体上,情景化目标选择的过程,以阶段性情景的充分认识与发展问题的积极回应,有效化解了不同目标间的竞争博弈,对实现区域的整体性、协调性发展具有积极意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rural homestead,as a unique land use type in China,has been endowed with strong social stability and social security functions due to strict identity restrictions,free use and restricted circulation policy arrangements.At the same time,as an important asset of farmers,farmers have the right to use their homesteads but have no right to dispose of them,while owning assets can not bring property income,resulting in low economic benefits.Behind the utilization of homestead with strong social attribute and weak economic attribute is the game of fairness and efficiency in the policy arrangement of homestead.In order to coordinate and develop the goal of fairness and efficiency in homestead utilization,in 2015,the central government authorized 15 counties(cities)including Yicheng,Liuyang and yujiang county to carry out homestead system reform.Focusing on the choice of policy objectives in the pilot areas,there are significant differences in the focus of reform in different places,forming a differentiated action path with priority to development efficiency goals or citizen goals.So,what is the reason that shaped the target positioning of local differentiation?Can the differentiated action path respond to the macro policy requirement of exploring the coordinated development of fairness and efficiency?Differentiated local reform is the direct result of different policy objectives.Based on the general action theory,this paper takes scene as the key variable that affects the policy action of target selection.In order to understand the interactive logic between scenario and goal selection,this paper introduces the common tool of policy analysis-scenario analysis,and selects three key steps of scenario analysis,namely,reform scenario,development prospect and goal selection,thus constructing the analysis framework of scenario-goal.Using this framework,the process of choosing the target of house renovation in Liuyang City,Hunan Province and yujiang county County,Jiangxi Province is reproduced.It is found that the political environment with government system and relevant legal documents as its content,the economic environment with economic structure,collective economic development status,physical geography and location development advantages as its content,and the social environment with values,social customs and autonomy as its content together shape the basic space for policy formation.Under the influence of dominant scenario elements,local reform mainly presents two major development trends:firstly,the problem of disordered utilization of homesteads is given priority,and based on the activation of economic attributes of homesteads,regional economic development can be realized;secondly,give priority to the problem of disordered possession.based on the implementation of "one household,one house" and "households have housing",it can promote the optimization of grass-roots autonomy pattern.Based on their specific basic space and policy function,the two places will give priority to the policy objectives that adapt to the local situation.From the scenario analysis of target selection,we can see that the policy target has gone through the development process from preference to compensation and then to balance.This logic of goal evolution is not only the result of specific situations,but also the process of shaping the adaptive characteristics of goals.On the one hand,the basic space and development trend of the structure under the different combination of various scenario elements contain local specific development priorities,which makes the local government show a special preference for a certain target in the target selection,and construct an action to adapt to the development needs with unbalanced targets.On the other hand,the regional development is also threatened by the internal potential "short board"and the external macro situation.In its reform practice,the local government drives the construction of another goal with the compensatory action of the goal,and adapts the macro policy situation with the overall development of the local government.On the whole,the process of situational target selection,with the full understanding of staged scenarios and the positive response to development problems,effectively resolves the competition game between different targets,which is of positive significance to the overall and coordinated development of the region.更多还原