【作者】 黄璐；

【导师】 佘双好；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 当前,硕士研究生的数量逐渐增多,其科研表现是培养质量的重要指标。大多数学生在本科阶段较少接触科研项目,进入研究生阶段后通常会对撰写学术论文感到压力和焦虑,产生学术不自信感,影响科研表现。因此,本文结合资源保存理论,研究心理压力对科研表现的影响,以及科研焦虑、科研自我效能、科研创造力在其中的作用机制,研究内容主要包括直接效应、中介效应和链式中介效应三个方面。研究采用修订之后的《研究生心理压力量表》、《科研焦虑量表》、《科研自我效能量表》、《科研创造力量表》、《科研表现量表》,通过探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析对预测试和正式测试的样本进行信效度检验,正式测试样本包括433名硕士研究生,对数据使用SPSS20.0(以及PROCESS插件)和Amos21.0进行统计分析,得到以下结果:(1)硕士研究生心理压力的平均得分超过3分(满分5分),处于中等偏上水平,科研表现的平均得分低于3分,处于中等偏下水平;心理压力分维度得分从大到小依次是未来工作压力、学业论文压力、经济外貌压力、身体健康压力、人际和心境压力。(2)在本文的样本中,性别方面,女生的学业论文压力显著大于男生,男生的科研效能、科研创造力、科研表现显著高于女生;专业方面,文史类的心理压力、学业论文压力和经济外貌压力显著大于理工类,理工类的科研效能显著高于文史类;年级方面,研二的未来工作压力显著高于研三,研三的科研效能得分显著高于研二;学位类型方面,学术硕士的未来工作压力显著大于专业硕士,学术硕士的科研创造力并不强于专业硕士;本硕专业一致性方面,跨专业研究生的学术论文压力显著高于非跨专业研究生;生源教育背景方面,本科双一流高校的学生的科研创造力并不强于本科普通学校的学生;研究型职业兴趣方面,有读博意向的学生的科研效能、科研创造力和科研表现得分显著高于无读博意向的学生。(3)心理压力负面预测科研表现、科研效能和科研创造力,正向预测科研焦虑,心理压力的子维度学业论文压力负面预测科研表现;科研焦虑对科研表现有负面影响,科研效能和科研创造力对科研表现有正面影响。(4)在心理压力对科研表现产生影响的过程中,科研焦虑的中介作用不显著,科研效能、科研创造力的中介作用显著,另外还存在显著的链式中介作用(即心理压力→科研焦虑→科研效能→科研创造力→科研表现)。因此,本研究的结论是心理压力负面影响科研表现,心理压力主要通过科研效能、科研创造力对科研表现产生负面影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Recently,the number of postgraduates has been rising.Their research performance is an important indicator of the quality of students’ development.Most students are less exposed to research projects at the undergraduate period.After becoming postgraduate students,they often feel stressed and anxious about writing academic papers,thus reducing their confidence in research and ultimately affecting research performance.Therefore,based on the Conservation of Resource Theory,this paper studies the influence mechanism of psychological stress on research performance.It also explores how research anxiety,research self-efficacy and research creativity work in the mechanism.Therefore,the paper mainly includes three aspects: direct effect part,mediating effect part and chain mediating effect part.This study adopts the revised Postgraduate Psychological Stress Scale,Research Anxiety Scale,Research Self-Efficacy Scale,Research Creativity Scale and Research Performance Scale.The pretest and formal-test samples have been verified for reliability and validity by exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis.The formal-test samples include433 postgraduate students.Data analysis uses SPSS 20.0(and the PROCESS plugin)and Amos 21.0.The conclusion are as follows:(1)Most of the postgraduates’ psychological stress is above the average,and most of the postgraduate students’ research performance is below the average.In the source dimensions of stress,there are future and work stress,academic stress,economic and appearance stress,physical health stress and interpersonal and state of mind stress.They are listed in descending order by score.(2)(a)In terms of gender,the academic stress of girls is significantly greater than that of boys,and the research self-efficacy,research creativity and research performance of boys are significantly higher than those of girls.(b)In terms of major,the total psychological stress,academic stress and economic and appearance stress of liberal arts students are significantly greater than those of science students.And the research self-efficacy of science students is significantly higher than that of liberal arts students.(c)At the grade level,the future and work stress of second-grade students is significantly higher than that of third-grade students.However,the third-grade students’ research self-efficacy were significantly higher than that of the second-grade students.(d)In terms of degree types,the future and work stress of academic masters is significantly greater than that of professional masters,but the academic master’s research creativity is not stronger than the professional masters.(e)In the consistency of undergraduate majors and postgraduate majors,the academic stress of interdisciplinary postgraduate students is significantly higher than that of non-interdisciplinary students.(f)Inthe background of student education,the research creativity of students from top universities is not stronger than that of students from ordinary universities.(g)In terms of career plans,students who plan to study for Ph.D.have significantly higher research self-efficacy,research creativity,and research performance.(3)Psychological stress negatively predicts research performance,research effectiveness and research creativity,and positively predicts research anxiety.In psychological stress,the academic stress dimension negatively predicts research performance.Research anxiety has a negative impact on research performance,and research efficacy and research creativity have a positive impact on research performance.(4)Research self-efficacy and research creativity act as mediators in the impact of psychological stress on research performance.Therefore,the conclusion of this study is that psychological stress negatively affects scientific research performance,and psychological stress has a negative impact on research performance mainly through research efficiency and research creativity.更多还原