【作者】 李玲；

【导师】 林爱文；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 人文地理学， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 生态系统为人类社会提供产品和服务形成生态系统服务供给,人类社会消费和利用生态系统的产品或服务,形成生态系统服务需求。目前,生态系统服务的供需评估、空间制图、均衡分析以及影响因素分析等是生态系统服务供需研究的热点。城市是人类活动最复杂的生态系统,其生态系统服务与土地利用/覆被变化(Land-Use and Land-Cover Change,LUCC)问题受到广泛关注。研究城市生态系统服务的供需及其空间均衡的关系,探讨生态系统服务供需关系与LUCC间的相互作用,有利于生态资源的科学管理和土地利用的优化布局,有助于人类社会与自然生态系统和谐相处与可持续发展。本文以武汉市为研究区域,选取水量供给、食物供给、气体调节和娱乐休闲四种生态系统服务为研究对象,通过构建综合评估模型,对生态系统服务的供给和需求进行度量与可视化,以揭示供给和需求的时空演变规律;然后,基于供给和需求的评估结果计算生态供需指数,测度时空尺度生态系统服务供需的均衡关系;最后,分析街道/乡镇尺度的供需指数与LUCC指标的关系和生态系统服务供需均衡的临界状态,总结生态系统服务供需与LUCC的相互影响机制。本研究的主要结果和结论有:(1)武汉市生态系统服务供给需求的时空演变:数量上,水量供给服务、食物供给服务、娱乐休闲服务的总供给量大于总需求量,气体调节服务的总需求量大于总供给量。空间上,水量供给服务的供给高、低值区与需求高、低值区分布相近,而食物供给服务、气体调节服务与娱乐休闲服务的供给高值区与需求低值区分布类似,供给低值区与需求高值区分布趋于一致。(2)武汉市生态系统服务供需均衡关系的时空变化:生态系统服务供需错配,空间失衡现象显著,且供需矛盾在持续扩大。空间尺度供需关系呈现出与“城市中心区—近郊区—远郊区和农村”相对应的“赤字区—相对均衡区—盈余区”的圈层结构,时间尺度供需赤字区赤字情况日趋严重且范围不断外扩,供需盈余区更趋盈余但面积在不断缩减。(3)武汉市LUCC与生态系统服务供需的相互作用:2000-2015年建设用地显著增加而耕地、草地、林地等地类大面积减少。建设用地的比率与生态系统服务供需指数存在负相关关系,城市绿地(林地和草地)与之呈正相关关系。存在一个建设用地比率、城市绿地比率的阈值,能够使街道/乡镇尺度的生态系统服务供需达到均衡的临界状态。更多还原

【Abstract】 The supply of ecosystem services(ESs)refers to the products and services that ecosystems provide to human society,and the demand for ESs is expressed as products or services that human society consumes and uses in ecosystems.At present,assessing and mapping the supply and demand of ESs,analyzing the relationship and the influencing factors of them has been a hotspot in ESs supply-demand research.Cities are the most complex ecosystems with frequent and intense human activities,and its issues such as ESs and Land-Use and Land-Cover Change(LUCC)have received widespread attention in society.Studying the relationship between supply and demand of urban ESs,and exploring the interaction between ESs supply-demand and LUCC,which is beneficial to scientifically manage ecological resources,optimize the layout of land use,and contribute to sustainable development for humanity.Taking Wuhan as the research area,this paper selects four key ESs,including water retention,food supply,gas regulation and entertainment as the research object.Firstly,by constructing a comprehensive evaluation model of ESs,the supply and demand of ESs are measured and visualized separately,and the temporal and spatial evolution of ESs supply and demand is revealed.Then,calculating the ecological supply-demand ratio(ESDR)based on the assessment results of supply and demand to measure the ESs supply-demand relationships of space-time;Finally,by analyzing the relationship between ESDR and LUCC indicators at the street/township scale,and discussing the critical state when ESs supply-demand is balance,to summarize the interaction mechanism between ESs supply-demand and LUCC.These are main findings of this paper:(1)The the temporal and spatial evolution of of ESs supply and demand in Wuhan:In terms of quantity,the total supply of water retention,food supply,is larger than the demand,but the total demand for gas regulation is biger than the supply.In terms of space,the high-value area and the low-value area of water retention supply and demand are similar spatial distribution,while the high-value area and the low-value area of gas regulation,food supply and entertainment are almostly in contrast.(2)Time-space changes in the supply-demand relationship of ESs in Wuhan: The supply and demand of ESs are mismatched and imbalance significantly,and the contradiction of ESs supply-demand relationship is still expanding.On the spatial scale,ESs supply-demand relationship shows a circle structure with “deficit zone – relative equilibrium zone – surplus zone”,which is corresponding to “central urban area – near suburbs –suburbs and rural areas”.On the time scale,the degree of ESs supply-demand lack in the deficit zones has become increasingly serious with area of deficit zones continued to expand.The surplus zones have become more superfluous but the area has been shrinking.(3)The interaction between ESs supply-demand and LUCC index in Wuhan: From 2000 to 2015,the construction land increased significantly and the cultivated land,grassland and forest land decreased.There is a negative correlation between ESDR and the ratio of construction land and,but a positive correlation between ESDR and the ratio of urban green space.Meanwhile,there is a threshold for the ratio of construction land and urban green space,which can make the ESs supply and demand reach a relatively balanced state at the street/township scale.更多还原