【作者】 李娜；

【导师】 田芳；

【作者基本信息】 南京大学 ， 宪法学与行政法学， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 纵观人类历史,可以发现同性恋现象作为少数人的一种行为模式,无论是古今,不管中外,都能发现同性恋群体的存在。然而囿于传统偏见,同性恋群体一度被排斥在主流文化的大门之外,生存处境不容乐观,同性恋这一隐秘群体对于婚姻的权利诉求也长期无法得到满足。在历史上,同性恋行为甚至一度被视作为罪行、精神疾病,并遭受了一系列的打击。而伴随着社会的发展与时代的进步,医学、社会学以及法学等多个学科对同性恋研究的不断深入,越来越多的同性恋群体开始为自身的合法权益斗争,不断追求法律的认可。在世界人权事业的兴起与蓬勃发展的浪潮之中,鉴于作为长期且普遍存在的同性恋群体获得法律认可的欲望日益强烈,许多国家（地区）也开始正视同性恋群体的婚姻诉求,并且越来越多的国家（地区）业已从法律层面认可了同性伴侣的结合,实现了同性婚姻合法化。截至2018年,在法律层面上认可同性结合(包括民事结合的模式)的国家（地区）全球共计30个。可以说,作为同性恋群体所追求终极目标,同性婚姻合法化这一话题已经成为民主与宪政国家建设过程中无法回避的问题。鉴于各国（地区）的具体制度的差异,基于多重因素的考量,各国（地区）对于同性伴侣之间的结合采取了不同保护的模式。各国（地区）立法模式与选择的虽然不同,但殊途同归,最终目的仍然是为了保护同性恋者的合法权益。目前,我国法律对同性婚姻的保护力度存在不足,同性恋群体的合法权益尚且无法得到充分保障。而宪法作为对于公民权利保障的有力武器,在涉及到基本权利的重大问题上,必须要惊动宪法。故本文将从基本权利为视角切入,在第一部分介绍同性婚姻的相关概念与同性恋群体的社会地位变迁,揭示同性恋群体作为一种长期以来客观存在的群体,所经历的宽容到打击、罪化与病化再到去罪化、去病化,并逐渐为法律认可的过程,展示同性结合获得法律认可的向好趋势。第二部分,则以同性婚姻的社会基础理论为切入,透过简要的理论梳理,揭示随着人们对于同性恋群体认识的不断深入对同性结合获得法律认可的助推作用。第三部分和第四部分本文将从域外的司法和立法维度出发,阐释宪法对于同性结合背后基本权利的保障以及立法对于同性恋群体结合认可的不同模式,以期助力我国的同性婚姻研究。文章的剩余第五和第六部分,会将目光投射到国内,主要从人格尊严、平等权和自由权的宪法视角出发,探讨我国同性婚姻的合宪性基础,分析国内时下对同性结合给予法律认可的有利因素和枷锁桎梏,并立足我国的具体实际,采取循序渐进的模式,构建符合我国国情的同性结合法律制度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Through human history,we can find that as a behavior pattern among the minority,there is no exception to homosexuality,in modern or ancient times,in China or abroad.However,due to traditional prejudices,the gay community whose living conditions are not optimistic,always wander out of mainstream culture and can’t get their marital claims satisfied for a long period.In the history,the sexual behavior between same-sex people was once regarded a crime or mental illness and suffered a series of blows.With the development of our society and the progress of era,medical,sociological and legal disciplines continue to deepen the homosexual study.There is an increasingly number of homosexuality to fight for their legitimate rights and interests and more and more countries(regions) attach great importance to the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of homosexual groups.With the fast development of the cause of human rights protection career,and due to the more and more strong desire of homosexual groups,many countries(regions) start to pay attention to the same-sex marriage and some of them have always recognized the same-sex couples in the legal dimension and realize the legitimization of the same-sex marriage.Up to 2018,there are 30 countries(regions) in the whole world,who has acknowledged same-sex marriage(including the civil union pattern).As the ultimate goal,pursed by the minority,the legitimization of the same-sex marriage has become an inevitable issue during the construction of democratic and constitutional state.In view of the differences of concrete national conditions(regions) among countries and the consideration of various factors,different country(region) adopts different model to protect the union of same-sex couples.Although the legislative modes and choices of different countries are different,they all reach the same goal by different means,which is still to protect the legitimate rights and interests of homosexual people.At present,the protection of homosexual marriage in China’s law is absent,and the legitimate rights and interests of homosexual groups can not be fully guaranteed.As a powerful weapon for guaranteeing citizens’ rights,constitutional law plays an important role on same-sex marriage.Therefore,this paper will discuss the relative conception and the social status change of homosexual groups from the perspective of basic rights to reveal the process of tolerance,punishment,criminalization and illness,decriminalization and legal recognition,that homosexual groups,a long-standing objective group,have experienced to the good trend of homosexual union.The second part,based on the social basic theory of homosexual marriage,will reveal the deepening of people’s understanding of homosexual groups to promote the legal recognition of homosexual union.In order to help the research of same-sex marriage in our country,the third part and the fourth part of this article will start from the judicial and legislative dimensions to explain the constitutional protection of the basic rights behind same-sex union and the different models of legislation for same-sex union.The left fifth and sixth parts of the article will cast their eyes on China,mainly from the constitutional perspective of human dignity,equality and freedom,to explore the constitutional basis of same-sex marriage in China,and analyze the favorable factors and shackles of legal recognition of same-sex union in China.Finally based on the reality,it will roughly design a legal system of same-sex couples,which is in line with China’s national conditions.更多还原