【作者】 李琦；

【导师】 潘红艳；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 法律（非法学）（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 我国《保险法》的规定将受益人范围限制在人身保险中,而对于财产保险中是否可以适用受益人制度虽无法律规范但也并无法律明确禁止。实务中常出现财产保险合同中指定受益人的情形,由于法律规范的缺位,财产保险合同指定受益人的法律效力及法律地位引发众多争议。同时,在司法审判中也因缺乏统一的法律适用标准而引发适用困境。实务中财产保险合同指定受益人常出现在抵押担保法律关系中,如房贷险、车贷险等,银行出于贷出资金的安全和担保财产的安全的考量,要求抵押人购买财产抵押保险并指定银行为第一受益人。在财产抵押保险中,涉及保险法律关系和抵押担保法律关系,涵括三方参与主体,既保险人、抵押权人(既受益人)、抵押人(既投保人/被保险人)。抵押人作为投保人在与保险公司签订财产保险合同时,指定抵押权人为受益人,保险公司接受受益人的特别约定而予以承保,但是在保险事故发生时却通常以抵押权人既非投保人也非被保险人,不具备保险金索赔权而予以拒赔。如若抵押人不向保险公司主张保险金,现行法律也为保险公司以此理由拒赔提供了法律支撑,是否为保险公司的道德风险提供了温床?如若抵押人向保险公司主张保险金赔偿,保险公司否认受益人约定的合意而予以支付保险金显然是对合同诚信的违背。此外,保险金是货币属性的财产,一旦交付其特定性便会丧失,此时抵押权人则很难通过已成为抵押人一般财产的保险金保障自身债权利益。抵押人得到保险金后挪作他用,抵押权人的权利将得不到保障。故财产保险合同指定受益人的法律性质和法律地位亟需进行厘清,从而充分发挥财产保险合同受益人制度的保险保障与融资增信的保险、金融经济双重功能。通过以财产抵押保险为研究基础,围绕财产抵押保险案例作实证分析,研究我国财产保险合同受益人制度的现实需求及法律基础,对我国财产保险中受益人制度的构建提出建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 According to the Insurance Law of China,the beneficiary is limited in personal insurance, and whether beneficiary system can be applied in property insurance,there is no legal norm but also no legal explicit prohibition.In practice,the beneficiary designated by property insurance contract often appears,due to the absence of legal norms,the legal effect and legal status of the beneficiary designated by property insurance contract have caused many disputes.At the same time,the lack of uniform legal application standards in judicial trials has caused the application dilemma.In practice,the beneficiary of property insurance agreement often appears in the legal relationship of mortgage guarantee,such as mortgage insurance,car loan insurance,etc.For the safety of loan funds and security of property,the bank requires the mortgagor to purchase property mortgage insurance and designates the bank as the first beneficiary.In property mortgage insurance,involve insurance legal relation and guaranty assure legal relation,contain tripartite main body,underwriter,hypothec person(namely beneficiary beneficiary),mortgager(namely policy-holder /insurant).Mortgagor is signing insurance contract as policy-holder with insurance company when,appoint hypothec is beneficiary,insurance company accepts the special agreement of beneficiary and accepts insurance,but when insurance accident happens,normally with hypothec person neither policy-holder also be not insurant,do not have the right to claim insurance benefit and refuse to make compensation.If the mortgagor does not claim the insurance benefit from the insurance company,the current law also provides legal support for the insurance company to reject the claim on this ground,does it provide a hotbed for the moral hazard of the insurance company? If the mortgagor claims insurance benefit compensation to the insurance company,the insurance company denies the agreement of beneficiary and refuses to pay insurance benefit to violate the contract honesty obviously.In addition,the insurance benefit is the property of monetary property,once delivered its specificity will be lost,so it is difficult for the mortgagee to protect his creditor’s rights interests through the insurance benefit which has become the general property of the mortgagor.And if the mortgagor appropriates the insurance benefit for other purposes,the rights of the mortgagee will not be guaranteed.Therefore,it is urgent to clarify the legal nature and legal status of the designated beneficiary in the property insurance contract,so as to give full play to the dual functions of insurance and financial economy of the beneficiary system in the property insurance contract.Based on the research of property mortgage insurance and the empirical analysis of property mortgage insurance cases,studies the practical needs and legal basis of beneficiary system of property insurance contract in China,and puts forward suggestions on the construction of beneficiary system of property insurance in China.更多还原