【作者】 王琳；

【导师】 李铁骥； 李忠起；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 公共卫生（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 目的:了解吉林省3个海关单位的工作人员心理健康状况,探讨影响海关工作人员的心理健康的因素,并提出合理的建议,为制定相应的政策和措施提供科学依据。方法:以吉林省鸭绿江流域的3个海关(通化海关、白山海关、长白海关)所有在职工作人员为研究对象,共206名海关工作人员,使用一般情况调查问卷、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)进行问卷调查。对人口学基本资料通过构成比或率进行统计描述,对SCL-90量表反应的九个因子采用均数±标准差进行描述,采用独立样本t检验和单样本t检验以及单因素方差分析进行差异检验,采用逐步线性回归进行相关性分析,进而找出可能影响海关工作人员心理健康的因素。结果:1.吉林省3个海关单位的工作人员存在强迫症因子人数比例最高,其次是其他因子和抑郁因子。2.海关工作人员心理健康不同人口学特征比较(1)不同性别海关工作人员心理健康水平,除精神病性因子之外,其他因子无差异。(2)不同年龄段海关工作人员在躯体化、抑郁、精神病性、其他症状比较有差异,31～40年龄段各因子得分均最低。(3)不同文化程度组在强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、偏执、精神病性、其他因子方面比较有统计学差异(P<0.05)。中专或高中及以下各因子得分低于大专和本科及以上组。(4)不同收入组在在躯体化、强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、偏执、精神病性及其他因子方面存在差异。3001～5000元与5000元以上两组别在躯体化、抑郁、偏执、其他因子间比较有统计学差异(P<0.05),且5000元以上收入组这几项因子得分要高于3001～5000元组。3000元以下与5000元以上两组别在强迫症状、焦虑、精神病性、抑郁、偏执因子比较有统计学差异(P<0.05),且5000元以上收入组这几项因子得分要高于3000元以下组。(5)不同工作热爱程度组在人际关系敏感、抑郁、偏执、精神病性4方面比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),工作热爱度一般组得分最高。(6)不同工作性质所有因子比较均有显著统计学意义差异(P<0.05)。进一步两两比较结果显示:躯体化、强迫症、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、偏执、其他水平因子8方面公务员与事业及工勤编制和临聘人员比较组间均有统计学差异,恐怖因子组间比较只有公务员与事业及工勤编制之间有统计学差异,精神病性因子组间比较只有公务员与临聘人员之间有统计学差异。公务员组各因子得分最高,事业及工勤编制除精神病性因子率高于临聘人员外,其余因子得分均最低。3.SCL-90的9个因子中躯体化、强迫症、敌对、恐怖、偏执与积极应对方式存在负相关,只有恐怖有统计学意义(P<0.05)。抑郁、焦虑、偏执、精神病性与消极应对方式之间存在正相关性,只有精神病性有统计学意义(P<0.05)。4.运用多元逐步线性回归进行分析,有3个变量(工作性质、积极应对、消极应对)进入回归方程,且有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:1.吉林省3个海关单位的工作人员最突出的心理问题是强迫症状。2.性别、年龄、文化程度、收入水平、工作兴趣度、工作性质与心理健康相关。3.采取积极应对方式可提高某方面的心理健康水平,反之消极应对也可能会导致某些心理健康问题。4.影响吉林省3个海关单位的工作人员心理健康的主要因素是工作性质、积极应对和消极应对。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective:To understand the mental health status of staff in three customs units in Jilin Province,explore the factors affecting the mental health of customs staff,and put forward reasonable suggestions,so as to provide scientific basis for formulating corresponding policies and measures.Methods:Taking all the in-service staff of three customs(Tonghua customs,Baishan customs and Changbai customs)in Yalu River Basin of Jilin Province as the research object,a total of 206 customs staff were investigated by using general situation questionnaire,symptom checklist 90(SCL-90)and simple coping style questionnaire(SCSQ).The basic demographic data are statistically described by constituent ratio or rate,the nine factors of SCL-90 scale are described by mean ± standard deviation,the difference is tested by independent sample t-test,single sample t-test and one-way ANOVA,and the correlation is analyzed by stepwise linear regression,so as to find out the factors that may affect the mental health of customs staff.Results:1.The staff of three customs units in Jilin Province have the highest proportion of obsessive-compulsive disorder factors,followed by other factors and depression factors.2.Comparison of different demographic characteristics of mental health of customs staff(1)There was no difference in the mental health level of customs staff of different genders except psychotic factors.(2)There are differences in somatization,depression,psychosis and other symptoms among customs staff of different ages.The scores of each factor in the age group of 31 ～40 are the lowest.(3)There were significant differences in obsessive-compulsive symptoms,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,hostility,paranoia,psychosis and other factors among the groups with different educational levels(P < 0.05).The factor scores of technical secondary school or high school and below are lower than those of college and undergraduate and above.(4)There are differences in somatization,obsessive-compulsive symptoms,depression,anxiety,hostility,paranoia,psychosis and other factors among different income groups.There were significant differences in somatization,depression,paranoia and other factors between the two groups of 3001 ～ 5000 yuan and more than 5000 yuan(P < 0.05),and the scores of these factors in the income group of more than 5000 yuan were higher than those in 3001 ～ 5000 yuan.There were significant differences in obsessive-compulsive symptoms,anxiety,psychosis,depression and paranoia between the two groups with less than 3000 yuan and more than 5000 yuan(P < 0.05),and the scores of these factors in the income group with more than 5000 yuan were higher than those in the group with less than 3000 yuan.(5)There were significant differences in interpersonal sensitivity,depression,paranoia and psychosis among different work love groups(P < 0.05),and the score of general work love group was the highest.(6)There were significant differences in all factors of different work properties(P <0.05).The results of further pairwise comparison showed that there were significant differences between the civil servants and the comparison groups of career and work staffing and temporary employees in 8 aspects of somatization,obsessive-compulsive disorder,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,hostility,paranoia and other level factors,and there were only significant differences between the civil servants and the career and work staffing and the comparison groups of terror factors,There was only significant difference between civil servants and temporary employees.The scores of all factors in the civil service group were the highest,and the scores of other factors in the career and work attendance establishment were the lowest,except that the rate of psychiatric factors was higher than that of temporary employees.3.Among the nine factors of SCL-90,somatization,obsessive-compulsive disorder,hostility,terror and paranoia were negatively correlated with positive coping style,and only terror was statistically significant(P < 0.05).There was a positive correlation between depression,anxiety,paranoia,psychosis and negative coping styles,and only psychosis was statistically significant(P < 0.05).4.Using multiple stepwise linear regression analysis,three variables(work nature,positive coping and negative coping)entered the regression equation and had statistical significance(P < 0.05).Conclusions:1.The most prominent psychological problem of the staff of three customs units in Jilin Province is obsessive-compulsive symptoms.2.Gender,age,education level,income level,work interest and nature of work are related to mental health.3.Adopting positive coping style can improve some aspects of mental health,on the contrary,negative coping may also lead to some mental health problems.4.The main factors affecting the mental health of the staff of the three customs units in Jilin Province are the nature of work,positive response and negative response.更多还原