【作者】 王洁；

【导师】 徐瑾；

【作者基本信息】 广州大学 ， 风景园林（风景园林遗产保护）（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 自然保护地是推动我国生态文明建设的核心载体。由于前期规划体系不完善、管理体制不健全、空间定位不准确等,目前尚存在自然保护地空间区域重叠、分区边界不清晰、人类活动范围不明确等历史遗留问题。科学评价人为干扰是自然保护地功能分区优化的重要前提。但现有的人为干扰评价方法主要针对土地覆盖类型已发生变化的区域,部分尺度较小或隐蔽于林下的人为干扰类型无法被准确识别。因此,本研究在传统人为干扰评价研究方法的基础上,构建了针对南方以森林为主的自然保护地的微观人为干扰评价模型,并以东莞大岭山森林公园为研究对象,结合宏观和微观的人为干扰评价结果,提出了森林公园功能分区的优化方案。主要研究结果如下:(1)选取了广东省以森林为主的自然保护地中具有代表性的居民点、道路、旅游用地、林业用地和能源设施5种微观人为干扰类型作为准则层指标,构建微观人为干扰评价指标体系,并结合前人研究和各人为干扰类型的实际情况,设置了影响范围的梯度系数和叠加系数,通过数学建模构建了微观人为干扰评价模型。(2)以东莞大岭山森林公园为例,通过内业和外业的数据收集与分析,应用以上微观人为干扰评价模型,计算150 m×150 m研究网格单元内的人为干扰度,得到微观人为干扰评价结果:4级人为干扰区域面积占比为10.255%,零散分布于森林公园西北部、中部、东北部和东南部等区域;3级人为干扰区域主要围绕4级人为干扰区域周边成块状分布,面积占比为12.476%;2级人为干扰区域面积占比最高,为66.794%,分布于森林公园的北部、西北部、东北部、中部和东南部;其余10.475%为1级人为干扰区域,几乎无人为干扰。(3)在同期东莞大岭山森林公园宏观人为干扰评价研究结果的基础上,得到东莞大岭山森林公园功能分区的初步方案,结合以上微观人为干扰评价结果,对功能分区初步方案进行进一步的调整和优化,结果显示:森林公园内生态保育区占总面积的30.435%,该功能区内1级和2级人为干扰区域的面积占比超过95%,人为干扰程度较小,生态系统整体保存程度较好;核心景观区占森林公园总面积的24.838%,该功能区内大部分区域人为干扰程度较低,小部分生态环境遭到不同程度的人为干扰影响;管理服务区占森林公园总面积的0.700%,该功能区规模较小,整体人为干扰程度中等;一般休憩区面积占比最大,为44.027%,该功能区内3级和4级人为干扰区域面积占比超过40%,人为干扰程度整体较为严重。综上所述,本研究提出的微观人为干扰评价模型可有效识别尺度较小和位于林下的人为干扰的类型及影响,因此可以作为宏观尺度人为干扰评价研究的有效补充以提升自然保护地功能区划的准确性和科学性,从而有效助力于广东省的自然保护地体系建设,并为正在全国范围开展的自然保护地整合优化工作提供重要的方法参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Natural protected area is the core carrier to promote the construction of ecological civilization in China.Due to the imperfection of the early planning system,management system and spatial positioning system,there are still historical problems in natural protected areas,such as overlapping spatial areas,unclear zoning boundaries,and unclear scope of human activities.Scientific evaluation of human disturbance is an important prerequisite for the optimization of functional zoning in natural protected areas.However,existing human disturbance evaluation methods mainly target areas where land cover types have changed,and some small-scale or hidden types of human disturbance cannot be accurately identified.Therefore,on the basis of the traditional research method of human disturbance evaluation,this study constructed a microcosmic human disturbance evaluation model for the natural protected areas dominated by forests in the south.Then,this study proposed an optimization scheme for the function zoning of Dongguan Dalingshan Forst Park,through comprehensive using the macro and micro human disturbance evaluation results.The main findings were as follows:(1)Five types of microcosmic human disturbance of settlements,roads,tourist land,forestry land and energy facilities in Guangdong Province’forest-dominated natural protected areas were selected as the criteria layer indicators to construct a microcosmic human disturbance evaluation index system.According to the previous research results and the actual situation of these human disturbance types,the gradient coefficient and superposition coefficient of the impact range were set,and the microcosmic human disturbance evaluation model was constructed through mathematical modeling.(2)Taking Dongguan Dalingshan Forest Park as an example,through the data collection and analysis of the field work and Lab.,the microcosmic human disturbance evaluation model was applied in the 150 m × 150 m research grid unit,and the microcosmic human disturbance evaluation results were obtained: a)the area of level 4 human disturbance area was 10.255%,scattering in the northwest,central,northeast and southeast of the forest park;b)the area of level 3 human disturbance area was mainly distributing in blocks around the level 4 human disturbance area,with an area of 12.476%;c)the area of level 2 human disturbance area was the highest,with an area of 66.794%,distributing in the north,northwest,northeast,central and southeast of the forest park;d)the remaining 10.475% was the level 1human disturbance area,with almost no human disturbance.(3)Based on the results of the macroscopic human disturbance evaluation in the same period,a preliminary scheme of functional zoning of Dongguan Dalingshan Forest Park was obtained.Combining with the above microcosmic human disturbance evaluation results,the preliminary scheme of functional zoning was further adjusted and optimized,and the results showed: a)the ecological conservation zone in the forest park accounted for 30.435% of the total area with level 1 and level 2 human disturbance areas for more than 95%,which had a small degree of human disturbance and a better overall preservation of the ecosystem;b)the core landscape zone accounted for 24.838% of the total area of the forest park,with a low degree of human disturbance for most of the areas and some degree of human disturbance for a small part of this zone;c)the management service zone accounted for the smallest proportion of 0.700% of the total area,with medium degree of human disturbance for most areas;d)the area of the general recreation zone accounted for the largest proportion of 44.027%,and the area of the level 3 and 4 artificial disturbance areas in the functional zone accounted for more than 40%,with serious degree of human disturbance.In summary,the microcosmic human disturbance evaluation model proposed in this study can effectively identify the impact of each type of human disturbance with small-scale or located under the forest,so it can be used as an effective supplement to the macroscopic human disturbance evaluation to improve the accuracy and scientificity of the function zoning of natural protected areas.These findings will effectively assist the construction of the natural protected area system in Guangdong Province,and provide an important method reference for the integration and optimization of natural protected areas in China.更多还原