【作者】 肖玲；

【导师】 姜群鸥；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 地图学与地理信息系统， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 生态系统服务功能是表征区域生态环境的重要因素。南平作为国家重要的生态屏障,对其生态系统服务功能评估和生态网络构建可为南平市生态环境规划与生态可持续发展提供重要参考。本研究首先基于MSPA和InVEST模型首先评估2009-2017年南平市生态景观格局和生态系统服务功能时空演变特征;然后基于CLUE-S模型模拟自然发展情景和生态保护情景下2025年的土地利用数据,预测未来发展情景下生态系统服务功能,并对生态系统服务功能之间进行权衡协同分析;最后是在综合景观格局和生态系统服务功能的基础上利用MCR模型构建潜在生态廊道,并对南平市生态网络结构进行基质、廊道和节点的优化和评价,为南平市生态网络的规划建设、生态服务功能提升提供一定的理论依据,也为其他地区的生态保护和生态廊道规划提供参考。主要研究结果如下:（1）2009-2017年生态基础设施以核心区为主,主要集中在武夷山保护区、茫荡山自然保护区等,中部和东南部核心区分布较少且面积小。桥接区零星分布在核心区周边,岛状斑块和环道区面积占比低于1%,且受支线影响明显,区域生态廊道断裂点较多,物种内部迁移通道面积小。孔隙占比始终高于5%,表明区域仍存在边缘效应。结合景观连接水平指数,结果得到d PC较高区域主要位于武夷山自然保护区、匡山自然保护区,北部地区生态源地面积大,破碎化程度低,中部地区景观连通性低,物种迁移阻力大,尤其是西部生态源地需要提升斑块完整性和连通性。（2）2009-2017年,南平市生态系统服务功能的时空变化特征结果显示,南平市平均生境质量总体呈现下降的趋势,生境质量空间分布差异明显,表现为由四周向中部地区递减的趋势,西北部生境质量高于其他区域,低等生境质量区域集中分布于人口分布密集的流域中下游区域,以城镇为生境质量低值核心向外扩散;从土壤保持的时空分布特征来看,土壤保持量呈现先降低后上升的趋势,土壤保持总量增加18.71×10⁸ t·a^-1。土壤保持量空间分布差异明显,主要呈现四周高中间低的特征,高值区集中分布在斑块连通性较高的北部武夷山保护区和东南部鹫峰山附近,土壤保持能力较好,低值区主要分布在海拔低于300 m的区域,生态环境相对较脆弱;从产水量的时空分布特征来看,总产水量增加6.16×10⁹ mm,总体上呈现先小幅减小后增加的趋势,空间分布呈现出北高南低的分布态势,与降水量西北多南部偏少的分布情况一致。（3）相比于自然发展情景,生态保护情景的平均生境质量提高0.05,空间分布上均呈现西北部高、中部和东南部低的特征,匡山森林公园和茫荡山自然保护区变化明显,能够由一般退化发展至较少退化,其次是延平区的南部,退化严重转变为一般退化;从土壤保持量来看,自然发展情景的土壤保持量低于生态保护情景,空间分布上均表现为北部和南部高、中部低的特征,其中武夷山市境内土壤保持量变化较明显;从产水量来看,生态保护情景下产水量降低,均呈现西北和东南向其他区域递减的态势,生态保护情景下林地的产水量有所下降,而草地和园地的产水量上升。通过对两种情景下生态系统服务功能进行权衡协同分析,以此作为生态网络优化的科学依据。结果表明,土壤保持与生境质量、产水量是协同关系,生态退化与生境质量、产水量是权衡关系,生态退化与土壤保持、产水量是权衡关系。（4）基于生态系统服务功能提取15条潜在生态廊道,并利用重力模型确定9条重要的生态走廊和6条一般的生态走廊,总体上空间分布不均匀,主要集中在研究区的北部并延伸到南部,呈三角网状分布。通过生态基质-廊道-生态节点进行生态网络优化,共增加11个生态源地,提取136条生态廊道,修复1019个生态断裂点和1481个踏脚石,优化后α指数、β指数、γ指数分别为0.45,1.86,0.64。表明优化后生态网络结构较完善,连通性较好。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ecosystem service function is an important factor that characterizes the regional ecological environment.As an important national ecological barrier,the evaluation of ecosystem services and the construction of ecological networks can provide important references for the ecological environment planning and sustainable development of Nanping City.Firstly,based on the MSPA and InVEST models,the research evaluated the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of the ecological landscape pattern and ecosystem service functions of Nanping City from 2009 to 2017;Then based on the CLUE-S model,the research simulated the land use in 2025 under the natural development scenario and the ecological protection scenario,and predicted ecosystem service functions under the two scenarios,conducted trade-off and coordination analysis between ecosystem service functions;Finally,this study constructed potential ecological corridors on the basis of comprehensive landscape pattern and ecosystem service functions by using MCR model,optimized and evaluated the matrix,corridors and nodes of the ecological network structure of Nanping City,and provided theoretical basis for the planning and construction of the ecological network of Nanping City and the improvement of ecological service functions,as well as ecological protection and ecological corridors in other regions.Planning provides reference.The main findings are as follows:（1）The ecological infrastructure in 2009-2017 was mainly the core area,mainly concentrated in the Wuyishan Nature Reserve,Mangdangshan Nature Reserve,etc.The central and southeast core areas were less and less distributed in the region.The bridge were scattered around the core area.The area of isle and loop accounted for less than 1%,and they were obviously affected by the branch.There were many breakpoints in regional ecological corridors and the area of internal migration channels for species was small.The proportion of perforation was always higher than 5%,indicating that there were still edge effects in the region.Combined with the landscape connection level index,the results showed that the areas with higher d PC were mainly located in the Wuyishan Nature Reserve and Kuangshan Nature Reserve.The northern area had a large ecological source area,low fragmentation.The central region had low landscape connectivit,with high resistance to species migration.The ecological source areas in the west need to improve patch integrity and connectivity.（2）From 2009 to 2017,the results of the temporal and spatial change characteristics of the ecosystem service functions of Nanping City showed that the average habitat quality of Nanping City had an overall downward trend,and the spatial distribution of habitat quality was significantly different,manifested as a decreasing trend from the surrounding area to the central region.The habitat quality in the northwest was higher than other regions.The low habitat quality areas were concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of the densely populated watershed,with urban areas as the core of low habitat quality spread outward;from the perspective of the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of soil conservation,the soil retention showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing,and the total amount of soil retention increased by 18.71×10⁸ t·a^-1.The spatial distribution of soil retention was obviously different,mainly presented the characteristics of high around and low in the middle.The high-value areas were concentrated in the northern Wuyi Mountain Reserve and the southeast Jiufeng Mountain with high patch connectivity.The ability of soil retention was good,and the low-value areas were mainly distributed in areas with an altitude less than 300m,the ecological environment was relatively fragile;from the perspective of the temporal and spatial distribution of water yield,the total water yield increased by6.16×10⁹mm,and the water yield showed a slight decrease and then an increase trend.The spatial distribution presented a trend of high in the north and low in the south,which was consistent with the distribution of the precipitation,more in the northwest and less in the south（3）Compared with the natural development scenario,the average habitat quality of the ecological protection scenario was improved by 0.05,and the spatial distribution showed that it was high in the northwest,low in the middle and the southeast.The Kuangshan Forest Park and the Mangdangshan Nature Reserve had changed significantly,they can changed from general degradation to less degradation,followed by the southern part of Yanping District,where the degradation transformed from severe degradation into general degradation;from the perspective of soil retention,the soil retention in the natural development scenario was lower than that of the ecological protection scenario,the spatial distribution was characterized by high in the north and south and low in the middle.Among them,the amount of soil retention in Wuyishan City changed significantly;from the perspective of water yield,the water yield under the ecological protection scenario decreases,showing a trend of decline in the northwest and southeast to other regions.In the ecological protection scenario,the water yield of woodland had declined,while the grassland and gardens had increased.Through weighing and synergistic analysis of ecosystem service functions in the two scenarios,it served as the scientific basis for ecological network optimization.The results showed that there was a synergistic relationship between soil retention and habitat quality,soil retention and water yield,habitat quality was a trade-off relationship with ecological degradation and water production,and ecological degradation was a trade-off relationship with soil retention and water yield.（4）Based on the ecosystem service function,the study extracted 15 potential ecological corridors,with 9 important ecological corridors and 6 general ecological corridors extracted using the gravity model.The overall spatial distribution was uneven,the corridors mainly concentrated in the northern area and extending to the south area,it was distributed in a triangular network.Then the ecological network was optimized through matrix-corridor-node,the networks added 11 ecological sources,136 ecological corridors,and 1019 ecological breakpoints and 1481 stepping stones were repaired.After the optimization of networks,αindex,βindex andγindex are 0.45,1.86,and 0.64,respectively.It showed that the optimized ecological network structure was more perfect and the connectivity was better.更多还原