【作者】 王芳；

【导师】 宗会明； 袁君；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 学科教学（地理）（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【副题名】以三亚市为例

【摘要】 海南省从2017年秋季高一新生入学开始推行新高考,采用“3+3”模式,第一个“3”为必考科目语文、数学、英语,第二个“3”为选考科目,在政治、历史、地理、物理、化学、生物6科中任选3科。地理学科将从高考文科必考科目改为选考科目,为高中地理教学带来了一场全新的变革,地理学科和教师面临着全新的挑战。如何做好准备迎接新的地理高考,让地理学科有更好的发展,是海南一线地理教师迫在眉睫的任务。本研究通过查阅相关文献,了解新高考改革的国内外研究现状及前沿,并结合访谈、问卷调查与统计分析法了解三亚市高中地理师生对海南新高考改革的认知,并分析海南新高考改革对三亚市高中地理师生、地理学科和地理教学产生的影响,针对不利影响提出一定的改进建议。以便在接下来的高考实施中更加完善,达到提高高中地理教学效率,提高学生地理能力和地理素养,促进学生全面发展目的。问卷调查结果表明,三亚市高中地理师生对海南新高考改革的认知方面:1)大部分地理教师能较好地关注新高考动态、及时了解地理学科变化,对新高考的了解比较多,但小部分地理教师仍表现出迷茫与无助。2)大部分学生对新高考的了解不到位,了解程度不如教师深入,但对新高考的态度积极乐观,比教师更看好新高考改革,认为新高考符合改革宗旨。3)新高考背景下地理教师的自我认知较好,基本清楚自己存在哪些不足。4)新高考下学生选考地理的原因凸显兴趣、成绩和有用性。5)新高考下,学生期待有深度、有温度的地理教师,期待多元有趣的地理课堂。海南新高考改革对高中地理师生、地理学科和地理教学的影响方面:1)对学生的影响:新高考下,学生当前地理学习较吃力,缺少学法指导;学习主动性差,缺少良好学习习惯;地理学习力不强,获取地理知识的方式较单一,自学能力欠缺;得到的关注、关怀不够,班级归属感不强。2)对地理教师的影响:新高考下,由于选考地理人数变多、地理课时调整等,致使地理师资趋紧,教师工作量增加;走班教学使得地理教师对学情把握一般,课后辅导不理想;走班教学中地理教师身饰多角,分身乏术,身心压力大;走班教学限制教师“人身自由”;新高考对地理教师要求提高,鞭策教师成长成才。3)对地理学科的影响:选考地理人数变多,地理学科地位“提高”;地理课程结构调整,地理教材内容变化大、更新滞后。4)对地理教学的影响:地理教学任务加重,难度加大;地理走班教学管理难度升级;地理走班教学环境不理想,存在脏乱差现象;当前地理教学方式方法较单一,不足以应对新高考。针对不利影响,提出以下改进建议:1)加强系统培训,深化师生高考认知。针对教师的新高考培训和学科培训由省级、市级、校级、年级、学科级、年级学科组级依次开展,培训内容要系统全面,培训人员要全覆盖,不让任何一位教师掉队;针对学生多开展选课指导讲座、生涯规划教育,让学生充分认识自我和高校专业,形成“自我认知-职业-专业-学校-学科”的选科思路。2)举上下之力,强化走班教学管理。充分发挥学校、科任教师、行政班主任、学生“四位一体”的力量,明确职责,加强协作。3)搭建地理交流平台,通力合作整合重组地理教材。众人拾柴火焰高,通过线上或线下交流协作,充分集结海南优质地理教师资源,提高地理教学效率。4)地理教师更新教学观念,创新创优教学方法,打造灵动课堂。教师要善于根据知识难度和学生的认知水平采取不同的教学方式、方法,大胆创新,以学定教、灵活施教。5)巧借思维导图,助学生攻坚克难。思维导图可锻炼学生逻辑思维能力,将复杂事务简单化,帮助学生顺利度过学困期。6)发挥地理骨干教师带头作用,提升地理教师学习力。充分发挥骨干教师的示范、引领、辐射、激励作用,加强校内“传、帮、带”的“结对子”活动,促进“抱团”前进。7)招聘地理代课教师,减轻教师工作量。8)多元评价,关注学生个体差异。关注学生身心,拉近师生心灵距离,使其“亲其师,信其道”;不能“一把尺子丈量所有人”,更不能“以分看人”,尊重学生个体差异,寻找学生闪光点。更多还原

【Abstract】 The new college entrance examination model of Hainan province was introduced in the autumn of 2017,it is called “3 + 3” model.The first “3” refers to the compulsory subject of language,mathematics and English,and the second “3” refers to the optional subject,choosing any 3 subjects from politics,history,geography,physics,chemistry and biology.The geography subject will be changed from the compulsory subject of the college entrance examination in liberal arts to the optional subject,which brings a new reform to the geography teaching in senior high school.Geography subject and teachers are facing new challenges.How to prepare for the new geography college entrance examination and make the geography subject have a better development is an imminent task for the first-line geography teachers in Hainan.Through consulting relevant literatures,this study learns about the research status and frontiers of the new college entrance examination reform in China and abroad,and the cognition on Hainan’s new college entrance examination reform from geography teachers and students of Sanya senior high schools is known through interviews,questionnaire survey and statistical analysis.At the same time,the influence of Hainan’s new college entrance examination reform on geography teachers and students,geography subjects and geography teaching of Sanya senior high schools are analyzed,and some suggestions for improvement are put forward against the disadvantageous influence,so as to improve the implementation of the following college entrance examination,achieving the aims of improving the geography teaching efficiency in senior high schools,improving students’ geography ability and geography literacy,as well as promoting the overall development of students.The results of the questionnaire survey showed that the cognition of new college entrance examination reform in Hainan among the geography teachers and students of Sanya senior high school were as follows: 1)Most of the geography teachers can pay close attention to the dynamics of the new college entrance examination and timely understand the changes of geography subject.They have a good understanding of the new college entrance examination,but a small number of geography teachers still show confusion and helplessness.2)Most students fail to have a good understanding of the new college entrance examination,and their understanding is not as deep as that of their teachers.However,they hold a positive and optimistic attitude towards the new college entrance examination,and are more optimistic about the reform of the new college entrance examination than their teachers,believing that the new college entrance examination is in line with the reform aim.3)Under the background of the new college entrance examination,geography teachers have a good self-cognition,and Basically know their own insufficiency.4)The reasons why students choose geography under the new college entrance examination highlight their interests,achievement and practicability.5)Under the new college entrance examination,students expect a geography teacher with thinking depth and warmth,and a diverse and interesting geography class.The influence of the new college entrance examination reform in Hainan on geography teachers and students,geography subject and geography teaching in senior high schools are as follows: 1)Influence on students:Under the new college entrance examination,students have difficulty in studying geography and lack of the guidance of learning methods;Poor learning initiative,lack of good learning habits;Weak geographical learning ability,a relatively single way of acquiring geographic knowledge,insufficient self-study ability;No enough attention,concern and not strong enough class belonging.2)Influence on teachers: Under the new college entrance examination,due to the increase in the number of students who chose geography and the adjustment of geography class hour,geography teacher resource are getting strain,teachers’ workload increases;The optional class teaching makes the geography teacher just have a general grasp of the learning situation,and the after-class guidance is not ideal;In the optional class teaching,the geography teacher acts the role of diversification,they are overwhelmed with great physical and mental pressure;The optional class teaching restricts the “personal freedom” of teachers;The new college entrance examination requires geography teachers for improvement,and urges them to grow into talents.3)The influence on geography:The number of students who choose geography increases,the status of geography subject has been “elevated”;the structure of geography course is adjusted,the content of geography textbook change greatly while the update lags behind.4)Influence on geography teaching: The task of geography teaching is heavier and more difficult;The difficulty of geography optional class teaching management has been upgraded;Geography optional class teaching environment is not ideal,messy phenomenon exists;The current geography teaching methods are relatively simple,which is hard to cope with the new college entrance examination.In view of the negative influence,the following improvement suggestions are proposed: 1)Strengthen systematic training and deepen the cognition of new college entrance examination among teachers and students.The new college entrance examination training and subject training for teachers should be carried out by the provincial level,municipal level,school level,grade level,subject level,grade subject group level successively.The training content should be systematic and comprehensive,and the training personnel should be fully covered,and no teacher can be left behind;More lectures of course selection guidance and career planning education should be carried out,so that students can fully understand themselves and college majors,forming a “self-cognition-career-major-college-subject” course selection idea.2)Raise all the force to strengthen optional class teaching management.Give full play to the “four in one” power of schools,science teachers,administrative headteachers and students,clarify their responsibilities and strengthen cooperation.3)Set up a geographical communication platform,and pull together to integrate and reorganize geography textbooks.Great things may be done by mass effort.Through online or offline communication and cooperation,the resources of high-quality geography teachers in Hainan can be fully gathered and the efficiency of geography teaching can be improved.4)Geography teachers renew the teaching concepts,innovate the teaching methods,and create a smart and active class.Teachers should be good at taking various teaching methods and ways according to the difficulty of knowledge and the cognitive levels of students,innovate boldly,learning to teach with flexible teaching.5)Smart use of mind map to help students overcome difficulties.Mind map can practice students’ logical thinking ability,simplify complex matters,and help students to successfully get through the learning difficulties.6)Give play to the leading role of geography backbone teachers,improve their learning ability.Give full play to the role of backbone teachers in demonstrating,guiding,radiating and motivating,and strengthen the “Learning Partner” activities of “spreading,helping and guiding” in the school,so as to promote the progress of “unity”.7)Recruit geography substitute teachers as needed to reduce the non-teaching burden of formal teachers.8)Focusing on the differences of students,and using multiple evaluation.Paying attention to students’ body and mind,narrowing the distance between teachers and students,making them “be close to their teachers and believe in their ways”;“Use one standard to evaluate everyone” is not allowed,not even “judge someone by the score”,respecting the individual differences of students and looking for their shining points.更多还原