【作者】 王晨；

【导师】 朱奎；

【作者基本信息】 中国矿业大学 ， 水利工程（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 我国农业灌溉用水量占用水总量的60%以上,灌溉水的有效利用直接影响着水资源的可持续发展。因此,研究灌溉水利用系数测算方法及影响因素对更好地提高水资源利用效率有着重要意义。本研究以江苏省为例,从点到面,利用首尾测算法,计算典型田块、样点灌区、全省等不同尺度灌溉水有效利用系数,统计测算结果,逐一分析影响农田灌溉水有效利用系数的因素,并给出提高农田灌溉水有效利用系数的措施。研究的主要成果如下:(1)基于首尾测算法的理论方法,建立了灌溉水有效利用系数计算模型,并确定了模型中的各个参数。主要包括:年毛灌溉用水总量、灌溉面积、净灌溉用水量测算方法、净灌溉定额以及年净灌溉用水总量。(2)利用首尾测算法分析计算2019年样点灌区的灌溉水有效利用系数为0.5811;以样点灌区测算结果为基础,自下而上,点面转化,逐级计算得到不同规模、不同类型灌区的灌溉水有效利用系数,得出省级大型灌区灌溉系数为0.5717;中型灌区灌溉系数为0.5816,小型灌区灌溉系数为0.6631。最终得出江苏省灌溉水有效利用系数0.614,整理形成空间数据网络。(3)从气候、水资源、土壤、灌区规模、灌区类型、工程投资情况、管理水平等方面分析影响灌溉水有效利用系数的因素,分析结果表明:气候、水资源因素与农田灌溉水有效利用系数的高低有弱相关性;土壤渗透性与农田灌溉水有效利用系数成负相关关系;小型灌区农田灌溉水有效利用系数大于中型灌区农田灌溉水有效利用系数大于大型灌区农田灌溉水有效利用系数;工程投资越大农田灌溉水有效利用系数提高越明显;管理水平越高灌溉系数越大。(4)建立数学模型,通过TOPSIS法对工程投资的经济效益做出评价。得出:当经济投资需要取舍时,投资偏向大型灌区能够更大幅度的提高灌溉水有效利用系数;通过分析庆安灌区内渠道灌溉、低压灌溉和微灌三种不同的灌溉方式得出,如果全部发展低压灌溉庆安灌区的节水潜力为3150.67万m~3;全部发展微灌的节水潜力为4984.34万m~3。通过分析不同灌溉制度,得到蓄水控灌方式比常规灌溉方式节水32.9%;蓄水控灌方式的水分生产率明显高于常规灌溉方式;试验基地常规灌溉方式灌水量低于灌区田间灌水量,较灌区典型田块的灌水量少12.8%。并从资金利用、管理措施、工程措施、农艺措施、水价措施等方面提出提高全省农田灌溉水有效利用系数的对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 Agricultural irrigation water consumption in China accounts for more than 60%of its total water consumption.Also,the effective utilization of irrigation water has implications on the sustainable development of water resources.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the calculation method and influencing factors of irrigation water utilization coefficients to utilize water resources more efficiently.In this study,Jiangsu Province was taken as an example to calculate the effective utilization coefficients of irrigation water in different scales,such as typical fields,sample irrigation areas and the whole province,by using the end-to-end calculation method.Based on the calculations,this study analyzes the factors that affect the effective utilization coefficients,and provides measures to improve them.The main results of the research are as follows:(1)Based on end-to-end measurement method,the calculation model of effective utilization coefficients of irrigation water is established,and each parameter in the model is determined.It mainly includes: annual gross irrigation water consumption,irrigated area,calculation method of net irrigation water consumption,net irrigation quota and annual net irrigation water consumption.(2)The effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water in the sample irrigation area in 2019 is 0.5811.According to the effective utilization coefficients of irrigation water in different scales and types of irrigation areas which are calculated based on the calculation results of sample irrigation areas.the irrigation coefficient of provincial large-scale irrigation areas is 0.5717,that of medium-sized irrigation area is 0.5816,and that of small-sized irrigation area is 0.6631.Finally,the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water in Jiangsu Province is 0.614,and the empty data network is formed.(3)According to an analysis of factors influencing the effective utilization coefficients of irrigation water in terms of climate,water resources,soil,irrigation area scale,irrigation area type,project investment and management,there is a weak correlation between climate,water resources and coefficients;soil permeability and is negatively correlated with coefficients;the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water in small-sized irrigation areas is higher than that in medium-sized irrigation areas and that in large-scale irrigation areas.The higher the project investment is,the more obvious the improved coefficients are;The higher-quality the management is,the higher the irrigation coefficients are.(4)According to the mathematical model established and evaluation of economic benefits of project investment by TOPSIS method,it is concluded that if there is limited amount of investment,more investment in large-scale irrigation areas can greatly improve the effective utilization coefficients of irrigation water;by analyzing three different irrigation modes in Qing ’an irrigation area,such as canal irrigation,low-pressure irrigation and micro-irrigation,it is concluded that if low-pressure irrigation is used in all areas,the water-saving potential of Qing ’an irrigation area will be 31.5067 million cubic meters;if micro-irrigation is used in all areas,the water-saving potential will be 49.8434 million cubic meters.After analyzing different irrigation methods,it is found that the water storage and controlled irrigation method saves 32.9 percent water than the conventional irrigation method.The water productivity of water storage and controlled irrigation method is obviously higher than that of conventional irrigation method.The irrigation amount of the conventional irrigation method in the test site is lower than that in the irrigation area in fields.The irrigation amount of the conventional irrigation method in the test site is 12.8% less than that in the irrigation area in typical fields.The measures to improve the effective utilization coefficients of farmland irrigation water in the province are put forward from the aspects of capital utilization,management measures,engineering measures,agronomic measures and water price measures.更多还原