黑龙江省耕地生产潜力研究

【作者】 王丽萍；

【导师】 郑树峰；

【作者基本信息】 黑龙江大学 ， 土地资源管理， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 耕地生产潜力与农产品的产量息息相关,关系到国家粮食安全的稳定。黑龙江省是我国产粮大省,对其耕地生产潜力的估算与开发,不仅对粮食安全有直接影响,更关系到国家经济发展和社会稳定。本文根据年平均气温和年平均降水数据,利用Thornthwaite Memorial模型计算气候生产潜力,在此基础上,以黑龙江省主要作物类型玉米为例,利用土壤(有机质、耕层质地)、地形(高程、坡度、坡向)、生态(归一化植被指数、比值植被指数、地表水分指数)和土地管理措施(施肥量、农业机械总动力、有效灌溉面积)计算得到的耕地修正系数对气候生产潜力进行修正,使其接近于黑龙江省的耕地潜力水平。结果表明,黑龙江省气候生产潜力值在20年间呈现先减少后增加的趋势,这主要与年平均气温和平均降水的变化趋势有关;受土壤、地形、生态和土地管理措施的限制,气候生产潜力呈现一定的衰减趋势,经过主成分计算,各指标所占权重从大到小分别为生态指标>土地管理措施>土壤指标>地形指标;大兴安岭地区、绥化市和大庆市耕地生产潜力系数为负值,在未来一段时间内,极有可能出现产量降低的情况,黑龙江省西部地区可提升潜力较小,而东部地区耕地可提升生产力较大,七台河市的耕地可提升生产力最大;耕地不合理利用是黑龙江省耕地生产潜力低的重要原因,盐碱化问题制约了大庆市、齐齐哈尔市的耕地生产潜力,低温使黑河市和大兴安岭地区的耕地生产潜力与实际玉米产量相差不大或者低于实际玉米产量,洪涝灾害和水资源利用率低的矛盾是导致鹤岗市和双鸭山市耕地生产潜力值大而耕地生产潜力系数值不突出的重要原因;根据耕地生产潜力结果,从促进耕地科学利用与保护、发挥科技兴农引领作用和推进耕地监管工作开展三个方面提出了黑龙江省耕地生产潜力的提高对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 The productivity potential of cultivated land has largely related to the agricultural product quality,and then affects the national food security.Heilongjiang Province is a major grain producing province in China.The estimation,development and utilization of cultivated land production potential has a direct impact not only on food security,but also on national economic development and social stability.Based on the data of annual average temperature and precipitation,the Thornthwaite Memorial model was used to calculate the climate production potential.Taking the main crop corn as an example,the cultivated land correction coefficient calculated by soil(soil organic matter,plough layer texture),terrain(elevation,slope,slope direction),ecology(normalized vegetation index,ratio vegetation index and surface water index)and land management measures(fertilization amount,total power of agricultural machinery,effective irrigation area)was used to modify the climate production potential to make it close to the actual potential level of Heilongjiang Province.The results showed that the potential value of climate production in Heilongjiang Province decreased at first and then increased in the past 20 years,which mainly related to the changes of annual average temperature and average precipitation.Limited by soil,terrain,ecology and land management measures,the climate production potential showed a certain attenuation trend.After principal component calculation,the weight of each index follows the order of ecological index > land management measures > soil index > terrain index;there is a possibility that the output would decrease for the productivity potential coefficient of cultivated land in Daxingan’ling region,Suihua City and Daqing city were negative.The productivity potential of cultivated land in the western region in Heilongjiang Province is small,while in the eastern region is large.Especially,Qitaihe City ranked the first;the irrational use of cultivated land is an important reason for the low potential of cultivated land production in Heilongjiang Province.The problem of salinization restricts the potential of cultivated land production in Daqing and Qiqihar.The low temperature makes the potential of cultivated land production in Heihe City and Daxinganling area close to or lower than the actual corn output.The contradiction between flood disaster and low utilization rate of water resources can explain the reason why the high value of cultivated land production potential and the low value of cultivated land production potential coefficient in Hegang City and Shuangyashan City.According to the results of cultivated land production potential,this paper puts forward the development countermeasures of cultivated land production in Heilongjiang Province from three aspects: promoting the scientific utilization and protection of cultivated land,giving full play to the leading role of revitalizing agriculture through science and technology,and promoting the supervision of cultivated land.更多还原