【作者】 李琳；

【导师】 陆宴辉；

【作者基本信息】 新疆农业大学 ， 植物保护， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 黄地老虎(Agrotis segetum)是鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)夜蛾科(Noctuidae)的一种重要杂食性害虫,分布在亚洲、欧洲和非洲等地区,幼虫主要取食危害棉花、玉米、小麦、甜菜等多种经济作物的幼苗根部。黄地老虎成虫主要依靠植物挥发物进行寄主定位、产卵选择,依靠触角感知与接受寄主植物挥发物信号,但目前黄地老虎的化学通讯机制尚不明确。为探究植物挥发性物质对黄地老虎成虫寄主选择行为的影响,本文使用室内罩笼和风洞、Y型嗅觉仪、触角电位-气相色谱联用(GC-EAD)、气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)等技术与方法,研究了黄地老虎成虫对寄主植物挥发物的行为和电生理反应,并对活性挥发物组分进行了鉴定与评价,以揭示黄地老虎的寄主选择行为及其化学通讯机制。主要研究结果如下:室内罩笼和风洞试验证实,棉花、苘麻、芝麻、龙葵及灰藜植株均对黄地老虎雌性成虫有吸引作用,其中苘麻植株对黄地老虎成虫产卵引诱力最强。利用Y型嗅觉仪测定发现,黄地老虎成虫对棉花和苘麻植株的趋向性最强,雌雄个体之间对各种植物的趋性无显著差异。收集了上述5种植物的挥发物,利用触角电位-气相色谱联用技术(GC-EAD)筛选出14种能引起黄地老虎成虫触角电生理反应的活性物质。应用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术,鉴定发现上述14种活性物质分别为3,3-二甲基辛烷、桉叶油醇、2,3,6,7-4甲基-辛烷、1,2-二乙苯、1,4-二乙苯、2-甲基壬烷、丁酸丁酯、壬醛、4-异丙氧基-2-丁酮、7-甲基-4-癸烯、2,4-二甲基-1-癸烯、2,6-二甲基壬烷、5-(2-甲基丙基)壬烷、2-甲基-5-乙基辛烷。触角电位EAG测定结果表明,桉叶油醇、1,2-二乙苯、1,4-二乙苯、2-甲基壬烷、丁酸丁酯和壬醛浓度较小时黄地老虎成虫触角产生的电生理反应极小,而触角EAG相对反应值随着活性物质浓度的增加而增大。风洞试验进一步证实,3,3-二甲基辛烷、桉叶油醇、1,2-二乙苯、1,4-二乙苯、丁酸丁酯和壬醛活性物质对黄地老虎雌性成虫都具有明显的吸引作用。室内用Y型嗅觉仪测定发现,黄地老虎雌性成虫对白色LED灯、红色LED灯、黄色LED灯和绿色LED灯趋向性明显,趋性从强到弱依次为白光(450～458nm)、黄光(587～590nm)、红光(615～618 nm)、绿光(515～518 nm)。本论文研究明确了黄地老虎成虫与主要寄主植物之间的化学通讯机制,筛选出了吸引黄地老虎雌性成虫的活性物质,为深入研究黄地老虎与寄主植物的互作关系、创新研发黄地老虎行为调控策略提供了科学依据,为进一步研发黄地老虎成虫植物源引诱剂产品奠定了重要基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Agrotis segetum(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae),omnivorous pest,is widely distributed in Asia,Europe and Africa.It is mainly feed on cotton,corn,wheat,sugar beet and other economic crops and caused seriously damage in crops.Currently,chemical communication mechanisms between A.segetum and its main host plants in China is still unclear.A.segetum relies principally on volatiles of host plants to locate,mate and oviposit.Antenna is the major organ of the insects to detect host volatiles.In order to systematic assess the chemical communication mechanisms of A.segetum in China,this paper studied the behavioral and electroantennogram responses of A.segetum to volatiles of host plants by combining with indoor cage spawning,wind tunnel,Y-tube olfactometer,GC-EAD and GC-MS technologies and methods.The main findings are as follows:Indoor cage spawning and wind tunnel test have confirmed there were five host plants attracted female A.segetum adults,including Gossypium hirsutum L.,Abutilon theophrasti M.,Sesamum indicum L.,Solanum nigrum L.and Chenopodium album L..Among those five tested plants,A.theophrasti was determined that have the significant attraction to oviposition of female A.segetum adults by indoor spawning experiment.In Y-tube olfactometer bioassays,male and female A.segetum adults both obviously responded to the smell of G.hirsutum.and A.theophrasti,and there was no significant difference between males and females.Using GC-EAD,fourteen active volatile compounds were selected from the collected plant volatiles.And they were identified to Octane,3,3-dimethyl-,Eucalyptol,Octane,2,3,6,7-tetramethyl-,Benzene,1,2diethyl-,Benzene,1,4-diethyl-,2-Methylnonane,Butanoic acid,butyl ester,Nonanal,4-Isopropoxy-2butanone,4-Decene,7-methyl-,(E)-,1-Decene,2,4-dim ethyl-,Nonane,2,6-dimethyl-,Nonane,5-(2methylpropyl)-,Octane,5-ethyl-2-methyl-with GC-MS.EAG results shown that low concentration of six active volatiles(Eucalyptol,Benzene,1,2-diethyl-,Benzene,1,4-diethyl-,2-Methylnonane,Butanoic acid,butyl ester and Nonanal)were weakly response to EAG amplitude of A.segetum adults,and EAG does-dependent responses revealed that the EAD relative value is increasing with the concentrations of above six compounds increased.The wind tunnel experiment further confirmed six active volatiles(Octane,3,3-dimethyl-,Eucalyptol,Benzene,1,2-diethyl-,Benzene,1,4diethyl-,Butanoic acid,butyl ester and Nonanal)have significant attractive effects on female A.segetum adults.In Y-tube olfactometer bioassays,the visual cues of LED lights(white,red,yellow and green lightemitting diodes)had significant attraction to female A.segetum adults.The attraction strength from strong to weak was white LED(450～458 nm),yellow LED(587～590 nm),red LED(615～618 nm)and green LED(515～518 nm)lights.The active compounds which attracted to female adult A.segetum were selected and assessed.Overall,this study results provided scientific evidence for further understanding of interaction between A.segetum adults and their host plants and behavior regulation strategy of A.segetum based on the chemical identification.Practically,it is also benefit for the development of plant source attractant product of A.segetum adults.更多还原