需求响应参与微电网调频的控制策略研究

【作者】 张杰；

【导师】 张智晟；

【作者基本信息】 青岛大学 ， 电气工程， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 开发利用清洁可再生能源为全球能源危机提供了理想的解决方案,但也给电力系统的频率稳定带来了严峻挑战。微电网虽为解决大规模分布式电源并网和发挥分布式电源效能提供了有效途径,但也在频率稳定方面存在严重不足。需求响应的提出,为微电网的频率调节提供了一种崭新思路。基于此,本文研究了需求响应参与微电网调频的控制策略,具有非常重要的现实意义。本文在介绍了电力系统频率调节原理和微电网的基础之上,通过分析各种分布式电源的发电特性,构建了含微型燃气轮机、储氢系统、风力发电以及用电负荷的微电网负荷频率控制模型,对需求响应参与微电网调频的原理进行了深入分析,阐明了需求响应参与微电网负荷频率控制的有效性和必要性,并围绕其控制策略展开了相关研究:(1)研究了含储氢系统的微电网的负荷频率控制策略,提出将储氢系统中的电解水负荷作为需求侧资源参与微电网调频。在建立包含燃料电池和电解水负荷的储氢系统模型的基础上,制定了储氢系统参与微电网调频的控制方案,并设计了需求响应的模糊PI控制器。最后,从不同需求响应的控制策略和负荷参与量两个角度,对需求响应参与微电网调频进行了仿真验证,实验结果表明:更优质的需求响应控制策略和更丰富的需求响应负荷参与量,对微电网调频效果的改善均起到积极作用。(2)为进一步研究需求响应控制策略和负荷参与量在微电网调频方面的影响,提出将聚合变频空调作为需求侧资源参与微电网调频,并在之前的基础上,进一步考虑了风电随机性对微电网频率调节的影响。首先,系统介绍了空调所属建筑物的热力学模型、空调的电热转换模型以及单台空调的负荷频率控制模型,并据此提出了对变频空调负荷群聚合控制的方案。然后,在建立了模拟风电随机性模型的基础上,搭建了聚合变频空调参与微电网调频的负荷频率控制模型,并针对变频空调负荷设计了变论域模糊PI控制器。最后,从考虑风电及负荷随机性与否两个角度出发,对聚合变频空调参与微电网调频的变论域模糊PI控制策略进行了仿真验证,实验结果表明,采用该策略对提高频率调节速度及降低超调作用显著,更加适应微电网调频对于时效性和精确性的要求,有助于改善微电网的调频性能。更多还原

【Abstract】 The development and utilization of clean and renewable energy provides an ideal solution to the global energy crisis,but also brings severe challenges to the frequency stability of power system.Although micro grid provides an effective way to solve the problem of large-scale distributed generation grid connection and give full play to the efficiency of distributed generation,it also has serious deficiencies in frequency stability.The demand response provides a new idea for frequency regulation of micro grid.Based on that,this dissertation studies the control strategy of demand response participating in micro grid frequency regulation,which has very important practical significance.Based on the introduction of power system frequency regulation principle and micro grid,this dissertation studies the generation characteristics of various distributed generation,builds a micro grid load frequency control model including micro gas turbine,hydrogen storage system,wind power generation and power load,deeply analyzes the mechanism of demand response participating in micro grid frequency regulation.In addition,the necessity and feasibility of demand response participating in micro grid frequency regulation are clarified,and the related research is carried out around its control strategy:(1)The load frequency control strategy of micro grid with hydrogen storage system is studied,and the electrolytic water load in hydrogen storage device is proposed as demand side resource to participate in micro grid frequency regulation.Based on the model of hydrogen storage system including fuel cell and electrolyzed water load,the control scheme of hydrogen storage system participating in micro grid frequency regulation is formulated,and the fuzzy PI controller with demand response is designed.Finally,from two aspects of different demand response control strategies and load participation,the simulation of demand response participation in micro grid frequency regulation is carried out.The experimental results show that better demand response control strategy and richer demand response load participation play a positive role in improving the frequency regulation effect of micro grid.(2)In order to further study the influence of demand response control strategy and load participation on micro grid frequency regulation,it is proposed to use aggregate variable frequency air conditioning as demand side resource to participate in micro grid frequency regulation.On the basis of the previous research,the influence of wind power randomness on micro grid frequency regulation is further considered.Firstly,the thermodynamic model of the building,the electrothermal conversion model of the air conditioner and the demand response model of a single air conditioner are systematically introduced.Based on this,a scheme of load group aggregation control for variable-frequency air conditioner is proposed.Then,based on the establishment of the simulation wind power stochastic model,the load frequency control model of the aggregation variable frequency air conditioning participating in the micro grid frequency modulation is established,and the variable domain fuzzy PI controller is designed for the load of the variable frequency air conditioning.Finally,considering the randomness of wind power and load,the simulation results show that the strategy can improve the speed of frequency regulation and reduce the overshoot significantly,adapt to the requirements of timeliness and accuracy of micro grid frequency regulation,and help to improve the performance of micro grid frequency regulation.更多还原