【作者】 杨帆；

【导师】 周健；

【作者基本信息】 河北工业大学 ， 土木工程， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 水泥是一种大宗建筑材料,产量居所用工业产品之首,全球年产量高达40亿吨左右。水泥生产过程中会排出二氧化碳(carbon dioxide,CO2),据统计水泥行业CO2排放量约占总排放量的7%,水泥行业节能减排压力巨大。因此,亟需对水泥生产碳排放进行分析,为水泥企业碳减排工作和新型低碳水泥的研发提供理论基础。本文基于水泥熟料煅烧高温反应过程、热工平衡理论和水泥生产过程,建立水泥生产CO2排放理论计算模型和开发了相应的计算软件,对水泥生产碳排放源构成进行了分析,并根据水泥厂实际生产数据进行对比验证。具体内容如下:(1)理论计算模型的建立水泥生产过程主要分为生料制备、熟料煅烧和水泥生产三个环节,CO2排放主要由碳酸盐分解、燃料燃烧和电能消耗产生构成。基于水泥熟料煅烧高温反应过程、热工平衡理论和水泥生产过程,建立水泥生产CO2排放理论计算模型。本分析模型可根据熟料矿物组成和水泥成分计算出水泥生产过程中的理论CO2排放量,无需工厂实际生产数据。(2)熟料矿物生产的理论CO2排放量通过假设熟料仅由单一矿物组成,理论模型可计算熟料矿物(C3S、C2S、C3A、C4AF和C4A3S)生成的理论CO2排放量。计算分析得出,普通硅酸盐水泥(ordinary Portland cement,OPC)熟料的主要矿物C3S的CO2排放量最高,为949kg/t;而硫铝酸盐(Calcium sulfoaluminate,CSA)水泥熟料的主要矿物C4A3S所产生的CO2排放量最低,为464kg/t。碳酸盐分解产生CO2排放量在上述矿物中均占最大比例。(3)熟料生产的CO2排放量计算比较了OPC熟料、高贝利特水泥(high-belite cement,HBC)熟料、CSA熟料和快凝快硬高贝利特硫铝酸盐(rapid-setting and hardening,high-belite Calcium sulfoaluminate,HB-CSA)水泥熟料生产的CO2排放量。OPC、HBC、CSA和HB-CSA四种熟料的CO2排放量依次为864kg/t、796kg/t、572kg/t和539kg/t。碳酸盐分解产生的CO2排放量依旧在四类水泥熟料中均占最大比例,为59%~65%;其次是燃料燃烧,约占33%;电耗产生CO2排放量占比最低,约为5%。(4)水泥生产的CO2排放量对形成规模化生产的OPC水泥P·O42.5、HBC水泥P·LH42.5、CSA水泥R·SAC42.5和快凝快硬HB-CSA水泥BS-HFR42.5的CO2排放量进行了计算,分别为709.9kg/t、759.1kg/t、418.9kg/t和310.2kg/t。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cement is a common building material,and its output ranks first among the industrial products used,with an annual global output of about 4 billion tons.Carbon dioxide（CO₂）is emitted during the cement production process.According to statistics,the cement industry’s CO₂emissions account for about 7%of the total emissions,and the cement industry is under great pressure to save energy and reduce emissions.Therefore,it is urgent to analyze the carbon emissions of cement production to provide a theoretical basis for the carbon emission reduction work of cement enterprises and the research of new low-carbon cement.Based on the high-temperature reaction process of cement clinker calcination,thermodynamics and cement production processes,this paper establishes a theoretical calculation model of CO₂emissions from cement production and develops corresponding calculation software,analyzes the composition of carbon emission sources of cement production,and compare and verify according to the actual production data of the cement plant.The details are as follows:（1）Establishment of theoretical calculation modelThe cement production processes are mainly divided into raw material preparation,clinker calcination and cement production.CO₂emissions are mainly composed of carbonate decomposition,fuel combustion and electricity consumption.Based on the high temperature reaction process of cement clinker calcination,thermodynamics and cement production processes,a theoretical calculation model for CO₂emissions from cement production is established.The theoretical CO₂emissions in the cement production process can be calculated by this analysis model,based on the clinker mineral composition and cement composition,without the actual production data of the factory.（2）Theoretical CO₂emissions from clinker mineral productionBy assuming that clinker consists of only a single mineral,the theoretical model can calculate the theoretical CO₂emissions from clinker minerals（C₃S,C₂S,C₃A,C₄AF,and C₄A₃S）.The calculation shows that the main mineral C₃S of ordinary Portland cement（OPC）clinker has the highest CO₂emissions of 949 kg/t;while the major mineral of Calcium sulfoaluminate cement（CSA）,C₄A₃S produces the lowest CO₂emissions,at 464kg/t.CO₂emissions from carbonate decomposition account for the largest proportion of these minerals.（3）CO₂emissions from clinker productionThe calculation compares OPC clinker,high-belite Portland cement（HBC）clinker,CSA cement clinker and rapid-setting and hardening,high-belite Calcium sulfoaluminate（rapid-setting and hardening HB-CSA）cement clinker.The CO₂emissions of the four clinkers of OPC,HBC,CSA and rapid-setting and hardening HB-CSA are 864 kg/t,796kg/t,572 kg/t,and 539 kg/t.CO₂emissions from carbonate decomposition still account for the largest proportion of the four types of cement clinker,ranging from 59%to 65%;followed by fuel combustion,which accounts for about 33%;CO₂emissions from electricity consumption account for the lowest,about 5%.（4）CO₂emissions from cement productionThe CO₂emissions of OPC cement P·O42.5,HBC cement P·LH42.5,CSA cement R·SAC42.5,and rapid-setting and hardening HB-CSA cement BS-HFR42.5 are calculated,respectively 709.9 kg/t,759.1 kg/t,418.9 kg/t and 310.2 kg/t.更多还原