【作者】 王倩；

【导师】 康怀宇；

【作者基本信息】 西南民族大学 ， 诉讼法学， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 认罪认罚从宽制度是近年来刑事诉讼改革的主要内容。建立这一制度的目的主要有两个:一是在罚当其罪,保证基本公平正义的前提下,实现刑罚的宽缓化,体现“宽严相济”的刑事司法政策;二是提髙诉讼效率,解决人多案少的矛盾。认罪认罚从宽制度的作用在于缓解了以往各诉讼参与人之间的紧张关系,也减少了控辩双方在定罪量刑时的对抗,势必带来刑事诉讼的新局面。本文以认罪认罚从宽制度为研究对象,从“刑事一体化”的视角出发,对认罪认罚从宽制度的概念范畴进行了阐释,对其理论基础、风险与价值进行了分析,对其目前存在的问题进行了整合,并借鉴域外各国的立法经验,以期为认罪认罚从宽制度的完善提供有益参考。对认罪认罚从宽制度概念的把握,当从“认罪”、“认罚”、“从宽”三个角度来进行。由于该项制度同时具有实体法和程序法的性质,因此“认罪”、“认罚”“从宽”的含义应当从实体和程序的视角进行双重解读;这一制度的正当性也离不开实体法理论基础和程序法理论基础的共同支撑。同时,认罪认罚从宽制度也体现了实体与程序相结合的价值基础:一方面在坚守实体公正底线的前提下最大程度提高司法效率,另一方面充分体现当代合并主义的刑罚观,并通过更为轻缓的实体判决降低社会整体成本和裁判的可接受度,实现特殊预防的目的。认罪认罚从宽制度的进一步完善,离不开对域外成功经验的借鉴,如辩诉交易即是一项可以参考的重要制度。辩诉交易作为英美法系国家和地区普遍使用的一项程序性制度,既通过不同的从宽模式来解决实体问题,又通过不同的案件简化处理方式来解决程序问题。此外还有大陆法系国家和地区的刑事协商制度,都为完善我国的认罪认罚从宽制度有利参考。认罪认罚从宽制度是司法改革的核心内容,在立法和司法实践中得到了较快的发展。各地以全国性立法文件作为依据,颁布了各种地方性立法文件以及制定了各种实施细则,使该制度更具有实际操作性。随着实践工作的不断推进,为了准确适用该项制度,两高三部又出台了相关司法解释来加以贯彻执行。但这一制度在运行过程中也暴露了诸多问题:由于控辩协商机制未建立、审前简化不到位、刑事和解制度不健全、缺乏统一量刑标准等,导致了实践中认罪认罚自愿性保障不充分、刑事和解效果不尽如人意等弊端。本文通过梳理这些问题并分析成因,为完善认罪认罚从宽制度奠定了基础。认罪认罚从宽制度需要立法予以规制(包括修改法律和出台司法解释)的方式进一步改革完善:立法完善的总体路径也应当同时考虑到实体与程序两个层面上,实体从宽的改革包括设置量刑从宽等级,明确量刑幅度,补充法律规定等;而程序从简则需要从完善控辩协商、简化审前程序、健全刑事和解等方面着手进行。更多还原

【Abstract】 The system of leniency for guilty plea is the main content of criminal procedure reform in recent years.There are two main purposes to establish this system: one is to realize the leniency and mitigation of punishment under the premise of ensuring basic fairness and justice,reflecting the criminal justice policy of "tempering mercy with severity";Second,to improve the efficiency of litigation,to solve the contradiction between more people and fewer cases.The essence of the system of leniency for guilty plea is to simplify the procedure and leniency in sentencing.The system of leniency for guilty plea alleviates the tension between the former litigants and reduces the confrontation between the accused and the defense in the process of conviction and sentencing,which is bound to bring about a new situation in criminal proceedings.Taking greater confessed forfeit their system as the research object,in the perspective of integration of "criminal",expounds pleaded guilty to forfeit their meaning from the system and its theoretical foundation,to analyze the risk of greater confessed forfeit their system and value,model the countries outside of the relevant system,puts forward at present,China’s confession forfeit from system,existing problems and related countermeasures for improvement of the system of greater confessed forfeit provide the beneficial reference.The meaning of the system of leniency for guilty plea can be explained from three perspectives: "confession","punishment" and "leniency".Since this system has the nature of both substantive law and procedural law,the concepts of "confession","punishment" and "leniency" can also be interpreted from the perspective of entity and procedure.The legitimacy of this system is also inseparable from the support of the theoretical basis of substantive law and procedural law.At the same time,the system of leniency for guilty plea also embodies the nature of combination of entity and procedure in value selection.It not only tries to maximize the procedural efficiency on the basis of abiding by the bottom line of entity result justice,but also fully embodies the contemporary penalty view,and reduces the overall social cost and the acceptability of the judgment through the lighter entity judgment,so as to achieve the purpose of special prevention.The further improvement of the system of leniency of punishment for guilty plea cannot be separated from the reference of successful experience outside the region.For example,plea bargaining is an important system that can be referred to.As a kind of procedural system commonly used in countries of common law system,plea bargaining solves substantive problems through different lenient modes on the one hand;On the other hand,according to the nature of the case and the attitude of both parties,the guilty plea can be simplified in the pretrial procedure,the trial procedure and the criminal reconciliation procedure.The guilty plea system of countries outside the region can provide reference for the improvement of our country’s system in the future.As the core content of judicial reform,the system of leniency for guilty plea has developed rapidly in the field of legislation and practice.On the basis of national legislative documents,various local legislative documents have been promulgated and various implementation rules formulated to make the system more practical.With the continuous advancement of practice,in order to accurately apply the system,relevant legal interpretations have been introduced to carry it out.But in these processes,this system also exposed many problems: because of the lack of charge and defense negotiation mechanism,each stage procedure simplification is not in place,the criminal reconciliation system is not perfect,the lack of uniform sentencing standard and so on,resulting in the practice of voluntary guarantee of confession punishment is not sufficient,the criminal reconciliation effect is not satisfactory and so on.By summarizing these problems and analyzing the reasons,the paper puts forward relevant countermeasures.The system of leniency for guilty plea needs to be further reformed and perfected by legislation(including revising laws and issuing judicial interpretations).On the general idea of legislation perfection,the entity leniency path:from setting leniency grade,clear sentencing range,supplement legal provisions and other aspects of perfection;Procedural simplicity: from the charge and defense negotiation,pretrial simplification,criminal reconciliation and other aspects of the perfect.更多还原