【作者】 吴楠；

【导师】 刘法建；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 旅游管理， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,旅游业也已成为我国社会经济发展的重要推动力。伴随着我国旅游业的迅速发展,随之而来的重点问题是旅游教育的伴随式发展。一方面,旅游行业亟需大量高层次、复合型、管理型人才,另一方面,高校旅游管理类学生,尤其是本科院校学生,不愿在本行业就业,人才供需结构性矛盾突出。甚至出现学校层次越高,旅游管理类专业相对越难就业的窘境。旅游人才的供需错位和大量流失,无论对学生、高校还是旅游业都是极大的浪费和损耗。因此,探讨旅游管理类专业学生就业意愿低的原因,提出相应措施,是高校在内的旅游教育部门和旅游行业主管部门共同关注的热点话题。本研究以旅游管理类本科学生就业问题为研究对象,针对其行业就业意愿低的现状,在文献梳理和理论研究基础上,以学生就业能力、工作条件、就业限制因素等关键变量为切入点,构建测量指标和分析模型,通过对安徽大学、华侨大学等八所高校学生的问卷调查和数据定量分析,从而发现影响旅游管理类本科生就业行为和就业意愿的相关因素,并进一步提出相应的措施对策。结果表明:(1)以学生主体感知视角展开研究是旅游教育研究领域的有效手段和研究热点。通过对HTM主流国际期刊中学生就业主题文献的梳理,将其概括为4类研究对象(在校生、毕业生、行业管理者、高校及教师)、4类因素(个人主观、社会环境、行业条件和教育教学)影响下的HTM就业4个过程环节研究框架,并指出了提升旅游就业的重要契机是旅游就业观念的改变和就业意愿的提升。因此,探究学生对专业及行业的认知、认同和态度的构成及影响因素应成为这一研究的主要内容和核心思路。(2)工作条件因素是影响旅游管理类学生就业意愿的重要因素。通过对国内外相关文献的元分析,本研究提炼出影响学生就业意愿的工作条件因素的三个维度(个人感知、社会认知、客观属性)九类变量,通过验证,发现工作环境条件、就业前景和学生形成的工作忠诚度的作用最明显。此外,国内学生对于薪资、工作满意度和工作忠诚度的重视程度要高于国外。(3)旅游管理类本科生所认知的就业能力既包括特定的工作技能,也包括一般工作能力和必备的素养和品质。尤其是学生的品质和素养在学生感知到的能力维度构成中,作用最大。同时,在就业能力对就业意愿的正向影响中,专业认同和满意度起到了中介作用。旅游教育需要全社会系统的配合和支持,才能更好的发挥高校培养学生就业的能力,并引导其从事旅游行业工作的可能性。(4)利用就业限制相关理论视角,分析就业意愿的负面影响因素可以从另一层面揭示出就业意愿形成机制。本研究通过在文献梳理基础上,借鉴就业限制理论相关界定,将影响限制旅游管理类学生就业等因素分为亲友限制因子、工作条件与教学限制因子、个人能力限制因子、就业前景限制因子四类。在对就业意愿的影响中,个人能力因子的作用最大,同时,年级、专业、年级等差异也会影响这一过程。这为旅游管理院校破解学生对就业限制因素的感知提供了依据。希望相关结论能够为提高我国旅游本科教育和人才培养质量,推动旅游教育研究提供一定的参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,tourism has also become an important driving force for my country’s social and economic development.With the rapid development of my country’s tourism industry,the key issue that follows is the accompanying development of tourism education.On the one hand,the tourism industry urgently needs a large number of high-level,compound and managerial talents.On the other hand,university tourism management students,especially undergraduate students,are unwilling to find employment in this industry,and the structural contradiction between talent supply and demand is prominent.Even the higher the school level,the more difficult it is to obtain employment for tourism management majors.The misalignment of the supply and demand of tourism talents and the massive loss of them are a great waste and loss to students,universities and the tourism industry.Therefore,to explore the reasons for the low employment willingness of tourism management majors and to propose corresponding measures is a hot topic of common concern for tourism education departments and tourism industry authorities including universities.This research takes the employment problem of undergraduate students in tourism management as the research object.Aiming at the current situation of low employment willingness in the industry,based on literature review and theoretical research,it takes key variables such as student employability,working conditions,and employment constraints as the starting point.Construct measurement indicators and analysis models.Through questionnaire surveys and quantitative analysis of data from eight colleges and universities including Anhui University and Huaqiao University,we can discover relevant factors that affect the employment behavior and desire of tourism management undergraduates,and further propose corresponding measures.Countermeasures.The results show:(1)Researching from the perspective of student perception is an effective means and research hotspot in the field of tourism education research.Through combing the literature on the topic of student employment in mainstream international journals of HTM,it can be summarized into 4 types of research objects(students,graduates,industry managers,universities and teachers),4 types of factors(personal subjectivity,social environment,industry conditions,and Education and teaching)under the influence of the HTM employment four process link research framework,and pointed out that the important opportunity to improve tourism employment is the change of tourism employment concept and the enhancement of employment willingness.Therefore,exploring the composition and influencing factors of students’ cognition,identification and attitude towards majors and industries should become the main content and core idea of this research.(2)Working conditions are an important factor affecting the employment desire of tourism management students.Through meta-analysis of relevant documents at home and abroad,this research has extracted nine variables of three dimensions(personal perception,social cognition,objective attributes)of working condition factors that affect students’ willingness to get a job.Through verification,it has been found that working environment conditions,employment The role of prospects and job loyalty formed by students is the most obvious.In addition,domestic students pay more attention to salary,job satisfaction and job loyalty than foreign students.(3)The employability recognized by tourism management undergraduates includes not only specific work skills,but also general work abilities and necessary qualities and qualities.In particular,the quality and accomplishment of students play the most important role in the dimensional structure of the ability perceived by students.At the same time,professional identity and satisfaction play an intermediary role in the positive impact of employability on employment willingness.Tourism education needs the cooperation and support of the whole social system to better develop the employability of college students and guide them to work in the tourism industry.(4)Using the relevant theoretical perspective of employment restrictions,analyzing the restriction influence factors of employment willingness can reveal the formation mechanism of employment willingness from another level.Based on the literature review,this study draws on the relevant definitions of employment restrictions theory,and divides the factors that hinder the employment of tourism management students into four categories: relatives and friends restriction factors,working conditions and teaching restriction factors,personal ability restriction factors,and employment prospect restriction factors.Among the influences on employment willingness,the personal ability factor has the greatest effect.At the same time,differences in grade,major,and grade will also affect this process.This provides a basis for tourism management colleges to decipher students’ perceptions of employment constraints.It is hoped that the relevant conclusions can provide a certain reference for improving the quality of tourism undergraduate education and talent training in my country,and promoting tourism education research.更多还原