【作者】 陈瑜；

【导师】 陈艳梅；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 运动人体科学， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 研究目的:长期滥用成瘾药物不仅会损害氨基酸类神经递质的结构和功能,导致谷氨酸(glutamate,Glu)、γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)等神经递质的失衡,还会引起高血压、中风和心肌梗死等慢性疾病,使慢性成瘾者出现神经功能受损和认知功能障碍,致使其不能自然地体验快乐,导致焦虑、抑郁等情绪,增大复吸风险,给身体和心理带来严重的负担和一系列的医疗和法律后果。因此,寻找有效减缓药物依赖者渴求度、降低复吸发生率的方法是一项重大的科学问题。近年来,运动干预作为一种辅助戒毒的重要手段越来越受到研究人员的关注。但目前有关运动对毒品戒断的疗法方式较单一且都集中于情绪指标的研究上,未有研究就不同运动方式对药物成瘾的机制进行对比分析。针对以上问题,设计不同运动方式,运用于女性戒毒人员的康复训练,通过观察不同运动方式干预对女性戒毒人员Glu和GABA水平及其戒断效果的影响,探讨不同运动方式改善药物戒断率的机制,确立女性毒品戒断的最佳运动方式,为完善现有运动戒毒体系提供理论参考。研究方法:本研究采取随机对照试验,从重庆市南岸女子矫治所随机选取40例女性强制隔离戒毒人员,随机分成冥想组、瑜伽组、体能组、对照组,每组10人。冥想组在接受常规戒毒治疗和护理的基础之上进行冥想训练,瑜伽组在接受常规戒毒治疗和护理的基础之上进行瑜伽训练,体能组在接受常规戒毒治疗和护理的基础之上进行体能训练。对照组只接受常规戒毒治疗和护理,在实验期间不参加任何系统的体育锻炼。干预时间为每周3次,每次60min,为期12周。干预前后采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用仪(UHPLC-MS/MS)测试受试者血清Glu和GABA的含量、采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、自我控制能力量表、视觉模拟量表(VAS)、复吸倾向量表测试受试者情绪及渴求度变化。研究结果:1.干预后各组血清Glu和GABA指标的检测。与干预前相比,干预后冥想组、瑜伽组Glu水平均显著下降(p<0.05),体能组极显著下降(p<0.01),对照组在干预前后差异无统计学意义(p>0.05)。干预后冥想组、体能组GABA水平显著提高(p<0.05),瑜伽组极显著提高(p<0.01),对照组差异无统计学意义(p>0.05)。且冥想组、瑜伽组、体能组Glu水平的下降幅度均显著优于对照组(P<0.05);冥想组对GABA水平的提高显著优于对照组(P<0.05),瑜伽组、体能组对GABA水平的提高均极显著优于对照组(P<0.01),瑜伽组对GABA水平的提高极显著优于冥想组(P<0.01)。2.干预后各组焦虑、抑郁量表的评分。与干预前相比,干预后冥想组、体能组焦虑症状均显著减缓(p<0.05),瑜伽组极显著减缓(p<0.01),对照组在干预前后差异无统计学意义(p>0.05)。干预后冥想组、瑜伽组、体能组抑郁症状均极显著减缓(p<0.01),对照组在干预后有减缓趋势,但不具有显著性(p>0.05)。且冥想组对焦虑的改善显著优于对照组(P<0.05),瑜伽组、体能组对焦虑的改善均极显著优于对照组(P<0.01),瑜伽组、体能组对焦虑的改善又显著优于冥想组(p<0.05);冥想组、瑜伽组、体能组对抑郁的改善均极显著优于对照组(P<0.01)。3.干预后各组药物渴求度的评分。与干预前相比,干预后冥想组、瑜伽组、体能组自我控制能力得分均有上升趋势,特别是瑜伽组和体能组,但干预前后差异无统计学意义(p>0.05),对照组在干预后自我控制能力有所下降,干预前后差异无统计学意义(p>0.05);干预后冥想组、瑜伽组、体能组VAS得分均极显著下降(p<0.01),对照组差异无统计学意义(p>0.05);干预后冥想组和体能组复吸倾向得分均显著下降(p<0.05),瑜伽组极显著下降(p<0.01),对照组有下降趋势但不具有显著性(p>0.05)。且瑜伽组自我控制能力的提高显著优于对照组(P<0.05);冥想组、瑜伽组、体能组对药物渴求度的减少均极显著优于对照组(P<0.01),瑜伽组、体能组对药物渴求度的减少又显著优于冥想组(P<0.05);冥想组、体能组复吸倾向的减少均显著优于对照组(P<0.05),瑜伽组复吸倾向的减少极显著优于对照组(P<0.01),瑜伽组、体能组复吸倾向的减少又显著优于冥想组(P<0.05)。研究结论:1.12周的冥想、瑜伽、体能训练均能够降低女性戒毒人员的Glu含量,提高GABA水平,促使Glu/GABA趋于稳态水平,有效降低渴求度,对戒除毒瘾、防止复吸具有积极的正向作用。2.12周的冥想、瑜伽、体能训练均能够逆转Glu/GABA水平,进而促进焦虑、抑郁情绪的改善,可能是有效降低女性戒毒人员的药物渴求度、促进药物戒断的神经机制之一。3.瑜伽改善药物戒断的效果优于冥想和体能训练,可能是瑜伽项目的独特性在改善Glu/GABA系统和情绪障碍中起积极重要的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Research purposes: long-term abuse of addictive drugs will not only damage the structure and function of amino acid neurotransmitters,but also cause imbalances in neurotransmitters such as glutamate(Glu)and γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA),what’s more,It causes chronic diseases such as hypertension,stroke and myocardial infarction,neurological impairment and cognitive dysfunction in chronic addicts,so that they cannot experience happiness naturally,leading to anxiety,depression and other emotions,and increasing relapse Risks bring serious physical and psychological burdens and a series of medical and legal consequences.Therefore,it is a major scientific problem to find a method that can effectively slow down the craving of drug-dependent people and reduce the incidence of relapse.In recent years,exercise intervention as an important means of assisting in drug rehabilitation has attracted more and more attention from researchers.However,there is currently the study of the treatment of the drug’s investigation than a single and concentrated on emotional indicators.There is no study on the mechanism of drug addiction in different motion methods,for the above problems,design different motion methods,and use In the rehabilitation training of female drug addicts,through observation of different sports methods,the impact of the Glu and GABA levels of women’s drug addicts and the GABA level and their assertion effects,explore the mechanisms for improving drug ratios rates in different motion methods,establish the best of female drugs.Motion mode provides theoretical reference to improve the existing sports drug rehabilitation system.Methods: This study adopted a randomized controlled trial,from the southern coast of Chongqing,40 women were randomly selected,randomly divided into medal groups,yoga groups,physical fitness groups,control group,10 people in each group.Meditation groups are in meditation training on the basis of conventional drug rehabilitation and care,and yoga groups are in yoga training on the basis of regular drug rehabilitation and nursing,and physical fitness training is based on routine drug rehabilitation and care..The control group only accepted conventional drug rehabilitation and care,and did not participate in any system of physical exercise during the experiment.The intervention time is 3 times a week,60 min each time for 12 weeks.Ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem tester(UHPLC-MS/MS)test is used before and after intervention,using anxiety and self-evaluation scale(SAS),depression self-evaluation scale(SDS),Self-control capacity meter,visual analog table(VAS),compact tendon meter test subject emotions and thirst changes.Result:1.The detection of serum Glu and GABA indicators in the four groups after intervention.Compared with those before intervention,the level of Glu in the meditation group and yoga group decreased after the intervention(P<0.05),while the physical fitness group decreased significantly(P<0.01),and the control group had no significant changes before and after the intervention(P >0.05)while there was no significant change in control group before and after intervention(P > 0.05).After the intervention,GABA in the meditation group and physical fitness group increased(P <0.05),the yoga group increased significantly(P<0.01),and there was no significant change in the control group(P >0.05).And the decrease in Glu level of the meditation group,yoga group,and physical group was better than that of the control group(P <0.05);the improvement of GABA level in the meditation group was better than that of the control group(P<0.05),and the yoga group and physical group had better GABA levels The improvement of GABA was significantly better than that of the control group(P <0.01),and the improvement level of GABA in the yoga group was significantly better than that of the meditation group(P <0.01).2.After intervention,the scores of each group anxiety and depression table.Compared with before the intervention,the anxiety symptoms of the meditation group and the physical fitness group were reduced after the intervention(P <0.05),the yoga group was significantly slowed(P<0.01),and the control group had no significant changes before and after the intervention(P >0.05).After the intervention,the depressive symptoms of the meditation group,yoga group,and physical fitness group were significantly reduced(P<0.01),and the control group had a slowing trend after the intervention,but it was not significant(P>0.05).And the improvement of anxiety in the meditation group was better than that of the control group(P<0.05),the improvement of anxiety in the yoga group and the physical group was significantly better than the control group(P<0.01),and the improvement of anxiety in the yoga group and physical group was better than that of the control group(P<0.01).The meditation group(P<0.05);the improvement of depression in the meditation group,yoga group,and physical fitness group was significantly better than that of the control group(P<0.01).3.The score of drug craving for each group after intervention.Compared with the pre-intervention,the self-control ability scores of the meditation group,yoga group,and physical fitness group all increased after the intervention,especially the yoga group and physical fitness group,but the difference before and after the intervention was not significant(P>0.05).After the intervention,the self-control ability declined,and there was no statistical significance before and after the intervention(P>0.05);after the intervention,the VAS scores of the meditation group,yoga group,and physical fitness group decreased significantly(P<0.01),and the control group had no statistical significance(P>0.05);after the intervention,the scores of relapse propensity in the meditation group and the physical fitness group decreased(P<0.05),the yoga group had a significant decrease(P<0.01),and the control group had a downward trend but not significant(P>0.05).And the improvement of self-control ability in the yoga group was better than that of the control group(P<0.05);the reduction of drug cravings in the meditation group,yoga group,and physical fitness group was significantly better than that of the control group(P<0.01).The reduction of drug craving was better than that of the meditation group(P<0.05);the reduction of relapse tendency in the meditation group and the physical fitness group was better than that of the control group(P<0.05),and the reduction of relapse tendency in the yoga group was significantly better than that of the control group(P<0.01),the reduction of relapse tendency in yoga group and physical fitness group was better than that in meditation group(P<0.05).Conclusion:1.12 weeks of meditation,yoga,physical training can reduce the GLU content of female drug addicts,improve GABA level,so that Glu / GABA tends to tend to steady state,effectively reduce thirst,to quit drug addiction,prevent recording and positive Role.2.12 weeks of meditation,yoga,physical training training can reverse the level of Glu / GABA,which in turn promotes anxiety,depression,may be one of the drug thirst effectively reducing female drug addicts,promoting one of the neurological mechanisms of drugs.3.Yoga improves the effects of drug-processes superior to meditation and physical training,which may be the uniqueness of yoga projects in improving Glu/GABA systems and emotional disorders.更多还原