【作者】 李昆；

【导师】 闫素梅；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古农业大学 ， 农业硕士（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验通过对鄂尔多斯细毛羊在枯草期期间(从当年11月份至次年6月份)进行暖棚饲养和营养补饲对比试验,使用优质澳美种公羊替代鄂尔多斯细毛羊种公羊对鄂尔多斯细毛羊进行配种对比试验,研究不同饲养管理方式即寒冷季节有效利用暖棚、放牧结合营养补饲和使用澳美种公羊配种对鄂尔多斯细毛羊体重变化、产毛量、羊毛品质(羊毛长度、细度、密度)和羔羊初生重等生产性能的影响,研究结果为探索鄂尔多斯细毛羊标准化饲养管理技术集成与示范提供技术支持,对提升鄂尔多斯细毛羊的冷季饲养管理技术和养殖效益具有重要意义。论文共分三个试验部分:试验一主要研究了暖棚饲养方式对鄂尔多斯细毛羊体重变化和产毛性能的影响。从试验户1分别选择健康无病的体重相近的鄂尔多斯细毛羊育成公羊80只、育成母羊80只、妊娠母羊80只,随机分为两组,即试验组和对照组,每组各40只。冷季暖棚试验选择当地天气最寒冷的时期进行,试验期为2018年12月17日-2019年1月31日。试验组羊只夜间圈入暖棚内饲养,对照组羊只夜间在圈外饲养,记录冷季暖棚试验期间暖棚内、外夜间气温,比较试验组与对照组在冷季暖棚试验期间的体重变化。试验结束时,分别测定并比较育成公羊、育成母羊、妊娠母羊试验组及对照组的体重、产毛量、羊毛长度与羊毛细度和羊毛密度。结果表明,冷季暖棚试验期内,圈内、外夜间平均气温相差19.24℃,圈内、外最低气温相差25.92℃。试验组的育成公羊体重比对照组显著提高(P<0.05),体重增加了3.08kg;育成母羊和妊娠母羊对照组体重显著低于试验组(P<0.05),分别比试验组降低了2.82kg和3.57kg;与对照组相比,育成母羊和妊娠母羊试验组的产毛量显著增加(P<0.05),分别增加了0.11kg和0.22kg;羊毛长度也有增加的趋势,细度正好相反。试验二主要研究了营养补饲对鄂尔多斯细毛羊体重变化和产毛性能的影响。从试验户2分别选取健康无病的鄂尔多斯细毛羊育成母羊80只、繁殖母羊80只,随机分为两组,即试验组和对照组,每组各40只。试验期为2019年1月-2019年5月,在2019年1-3月份,试验组羊只进行放牧加营养补饲,对照组羊只进行传统放牧饲喂,归牧后不进行补饲;在4-5月份试验组和对照组羊只进行相同的休牧舍饲饲养,饲喂相同的日粮。试验结束后,分别测定并比较育成母羊、繁殖母羊试验组与对照组的体重、产毛量、羊毛长度、羊毛细度和羊毛密度。结果表明,营养补饲试验期内,育成母羊对照组体重比试验组显著下降2.1kg(P<0.05),试验组育成母羊的羊产毛量比对照组显著提高0.70kg(P<0.05);育成母羊和繁殖母羊试验组羊毛长度分别比对照组显著增加0.82cm和0.22cm(P<0.05);试验组育成母羊和繁殖母羊的羊毛密度分别比对照组显著增加100%和57.9%(P<0.05)。试验三主要研究了使用澳美种公羊替代鄂尔多斯细毛羊种公羊配种对鄂尔多斯细毛羊体重变化和产毛性能的影响。试验期为2018年10月-2020年5月,从试验户3选取使用澳美种公羊配种的后代鄂尔多斯细毛羊繁殖母羊40只,做为试验组;选取使用鄂尔多斯细毛羊种公羊配种的后代繁殖母羊40只,做为对照组,对照组与试验组除了选用的种公羊不同外,其他饲养管理都相同。利用同期发情集中于2018年10月份分别使用澳美种公羊和鄂尔多斯细毛羊种公羊对鄂尔多斯细毛羊母羊进行人工授精,2019年3月份产羔后,对其后代进行跟踪测定,试验结束后,分别测定并比较试验组与对照组繁殖母羊的体重及其后代的羔羊初生重、育成母羊的体重、产毛量、羊毛长度、羊毛细度和羊毛密度。结果表明,试验组繁殖母羊的后代羔羊(单羔)初生重、育成母羊体重比对照组显著增加(P<0.05),分别增加了0.25kg和2.72kg;育成母羊和繁殖母羊试验组的产毛量与羊毛长度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),产毛量分别比对照组增加0.69kg和1.74kg,羊毛长度分别增加0.63cm和0.63cm;育成母羊和繁殖母羊试验组的羊毛密度相比对照组显著增加16和17个百分点(P<0.05)。综上可知,鄂尔多斯细毛羊养殖过程中,在当地冬春寒冷季节利用暖棚饲养、营养补饲和使用澳美种公羊替代鄂尔多斯细毛羊种公羊进行配种,可有效防止细毛羊掉膘,增加羔羊初生重和自身体重、产毛量和羊毛综合品质,提高当地牧民细羊毛养殖效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 The experiment was carried out in the period of withered grass(from November of the same year to June of the next year)for the ordos fine wool sheep.The high quality Aomei RAMS were selected to replace the Ordos fine wool RAMS for breeding and other comprehensive technology application comparative tests.The effects of different feeding and management methods,i.e.effective use of warm shed,grazing combined with nutritional supplementation and breeding of Aomei ram,on weight change,wool yield,wool quality(wool length,fineness,density)and lamb initial weight of Ordos fine wool sheep were studied.The results of this study provide technical support for the exploration of standardization technology integration of ordos fine wool sheep breeding management,and have important significance for improving the cold season breeding management technology and breeding efficiency of Ordos fine wool sheep.This thesis is divided into three experimental parts:Part 1:The first experiment mainly studied the influence of greenhouse feeding mode on weight change and wool-producing performance of Ordos fine wool sheep.From experiment household 1,80 healthy and disease-free Ordos fine wool sheep were bred into RAMS,80 ewes and 80 pregnant ewes,and were randomly divided into two groups,namely the experimental group and the control group,with 40 sheep in each group.The cold season greenhouse experiment was conducted during the coldest local weather from December 17,2018 to January 31,2019.The sheep in the experimental group were raised in the warm shed at night,while the sheep in the control group were raised outside the warm shed at night.The temperature in the warm shed during the cold season was recorded,and the weight changes of the experimental group and the control group during the cold season warm shed test were compared.At the end of the experiment,the weight,wool yield,wool length and wool fineness of the bred RAMS,bred ewes,reserve ewes and bred ewes were measured and compared with the control group.The results showed that during the cold season,the mean temperature difference between inner and outer temperature at night was 19.24℃,and the minimum temperature difference between inner and outer temperature was 25.92℃.The weight of bred RAMS in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),with a weight increase of 3.08 kg.The weight of bred ewes and pregnant ewes in the control group was significantly lower than that in the experimental group(P<0.05),which was 2.82 kg and 3.57 kg,respectively.Compared with the control group,the wool production of bred ewes and bred ewes in the experimental group was significantly increased(P<0.05),by 0.11 kg and 0.22 kg,respectively.The length of wool also tends to increase,while the fineness is opposite.Part 2 : The second experiment mainly studied the effect of nutrition supplementation on weight change and wool production performance of Ordos fine wool sheep.80 ewes and 80 ewes were bred from healthy and disease-free Ordos fine wool sheep,and randomly divided into two groups,namely the experimental group and the control group,with 40 ewes in each group.The experimental period was from January2019 to May 2019.From January 2019 to March 2019,the sheep in the experimental group were grazed and fed with nutrition supplement,while the sheep in the control group were fed with traditional grazing,but were not fed after grazing.During April-May,the experimental group and the control group were fed the same rest house and the same diet.At the end of the supplementary feeding period,the weight,wool yield,wool length,wool fineness and wool density of the bred and bred ewes were measured and compared with those of the control group.The results showed that during the supplementary feeding period,the weight of ewe bred in the control group decreased by 2.1kg compared with the experimental group(P<0.05),and the wool production of ewe bred in the test group increased by 0.70 kg compared with the control group(P<0.05).The wool length of bred ewes and bred ewes in the experimental group was significantly increased by0.82 cm and 0.22 cm,respectively,compared with the control group(P<0.05).The wool density of bred ewes and bred ewes in the experimental group increased by 100% and57.9%,respectively,compared with that of the control group(P<0.05).Part 3:The effects of the replacement of Ordos fine wool sheep with Australian and American RAMS on the weight change and wool production performance of Ordos fine wool sheep were studied.The trial period is from March 2019 to May 2020.40 ewes of Ordos Fine wool sheep mated with Australian-american male sheep are selected from household 3 as the experimental group.The offspring of ordos fine wool RAMS were selected to breed 40 ewes and used as the control group.The feeding management of the control group and the experimental group were all the same except that the selected RAMS were different.The weight of the bred ewes,the weight of the lambs,the weight of the bred ewes,the wool yield,the wool length,the wool fineness and the wool density were measured and compared between the experimental group and the control group.The results showed that the newborn weight of the offspring lambs(single lamb)in the experimental group was significantly increased by 0.25kg(P<0.05)compared with the control group,and the weight of the bred ewes in the experimental group was also significantly increased by 2.72 kg and 3.28 kg respectively compared with the control group(P<0.05).The wool yield of bred ewes and bred ewes in the experimental group was significantly increased by 0.69 kg,0.81 kg and 1.74 kg,respectively,compared with the control group(P<0.05).The wool length of bred ewes and bred ewes in the experimental group increased by 0.63 cm and 0.63 cm,respectively,compared with the control group(P<0.05).The wool density of bred ewes and bred ewes in the experimental group was significantly increased16 and 17 percent,respectively,compared with that of the control group(P<0.05).In conclusion,the ordos,in the process of fine wool sheep breeding in the cold winter and spring season using local greenhouses breeding,nutrition,supplementary feeding or Australian beauty of ram used for artificial insemination,which can effectively prevent fine wool sheep Diao Biao,increase the lamb birth weight and weight,producing wool and wool comprehensive quality,improve the efficiency of the local herdsmen fine wool breeding.更多还原