【作者】 李明玉；

【导师】 刘灵辉；

【作者基本信息】 电子科技大学 ， 公共管理， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 改革开放以来,我国实行的家庭联产承包责任制为我国提高农业生产经营效率,带来较大的制度优势。但是家庭联产承包责任制下的小农生产规模较小,难以获得规模效益、地块分散导致生产成本和管理成本高等弊端逐渐凸显。为了提高我国的粮食生产效率及获取更多的规模效益,需要推进土地规模化经营。在农村土地“三权分置”的法律政策框架下,实现土地规模化经营的重要手段是土地经营权流转。家庭农场作为通过土地经营权流转发展起来的新型农业经营主体,在政治上有国家的政策文件作为制度保障。从经济效益角度看,可以通过土地经营权流转获得集中成片、规模适度、期限稳定的土地,进而获得相较小农经营而言的规模化经济效益。在家庭农场的创建及运营过程中需要投入各种专用的资产,例如投资专用场地资产获取区位优势;投资专用实物资产促进生产效率提高,减少雇工成本;投资特定用途资产为产品存储和加工提供坚实保障;投资专用人力资产促进家庭农场经营制度化、专业化、轨道化;投资专用品牌资产以提高家庭农场的知名度和美誉度。但是家庭农场的专用资产需要耗费大量的金钱、人力、物力、时间才可以形成,资产专用性无法从农产品的收益中转化而来,因此具有沉淀成本效应,对家庭农场会形成一定的捆绑。作为市场竞争下的主体,家庭农场可能由于家庭农场主个人职业规划转变、年龄增长等主观原因及收益不佳、经营条件不符合国家有关规定而停业、破产等客观原因退出家庭农场经营。家庭农场主做出退出家庭农场经营的决策是一种正常的、不可避免的情况。但是由于资产专用性所具有的沉淀效应,可能会使家庭农场主在退出农业生产经营领域时已经投入的资金付诸东流、无法收回,也无法改变其的用途,这样无疑会对家庭农场主的退出意愿产生影响。因此研究资产专用性对家庭农场主的退出意愿的影响机理与影响因素显得尤为必要。本文利用文献研究法来对家庭农场退出的相关文献进行梳理,发现家庭农场退出与资产专用性相结合研究的文章较少,并总结出本研究的创新点。对资产专用性、家庭农场退出、家庭农场主退出意愿做出概念界定,并以资产专用性理论和行为决策理论作为本研究的理论基础。在厘清家庭农场、资产专用性及家庭农场主退出意愿之间的关系之后,提出研究假设及构建资产专用性对家庭农场主退出意愿影响因素的指标体系。在实证研究部分,利用外业调研的349份家庭农场主调研问卷,选择二元Logistic回归模型,对资产专用性对家庭农场主退出意愿影响因素进行实证分析,得出专用场地资产、专用人力资产即农业社会化服务体系完善程度、对农业感兴趣程度、农业种植技能、农业经营管理能力、教育程度这几个指标对家庭农场主退出意愿有显著影响。针对实证结果提出对策建议:加强农业社会化服务体系建设、培养家庭农场主经营兴趣、减少家庭农场主对于农业种植技能产生的后顾之忧、提升家庭农场主的农业经营管理能力等对策建议,以降低家庭农场资产专用性对家庭农场主退出的影响,从而为我国家庭农场退出机制的构建和相关政策完善提供决策参考。最后,对本研究的研究内容进行梳理总结,提出本研究存在的不足及对未来的展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the reform and opening up,the household contract responsibility system has brought great institutional advantages to improve the efficiency of agricultural production and operation.However,the small-scale peasant production under the household contract responsibility system is small,it is difficult to obtain scale benefits,the plot is scattered,leading to high production costs and management costs.In order to improve China’s grain production efficiency and obtain more scale benefits,it is necessary to promote land scale management.In the case of the separation of the three rights,the transfer of land management right is an important means to realize the large-scale management of land.As a new type of agricultural management subject developed through the transfer of land management right,family farm has national policy documents as the institutional guarantee in politics.From the perspective of economic benefits,we can obtain concentrated,moderate scale and stable term land through the transfer of land management rights,and then obtain the scale economic benefits compared with smallscale farming.In the process of the establishment and operation of family farms,it is necessary to invest various special assets,such as investing in special site assets to obtain regional advantages;investing in special human assets to promote the institutionalization,specialization and track of family farm operation;investing in special physical assets to improve production efficiency and reduce labor costs;investing in special purpose assets to provide a solid guarantee for product storage and processing In order to improve the popularity and reputation of family farms,special brand assets should be invested.But the special assets of family farms need to spend a lot of money,manpower,material resources and time to form.The asset specificity can not be transformed from the income of agricultural products,so it has the effect of sunk cost,which will form a certain binding on family farms.As the main body in the market competition,family farm may exit from family farm operation due to subjective reasons such as family farmer’s personal career planning change,age growth and objective reasons such as poor income and operating conditions not in line with the relevant provisions of the state.As the main body of the market,it is a normal and inevitable situation for family farmers to make the decision to exit from family farm management.However,due to the precipitation effect of specific assets,the funds that have been invested by family farmers when they exit from the field of agricultural production and operation may be wasted,unable to be recovered,and unable to change the use of specific assets.This will undoubtedly have an impact on the willingness of family farmers to quit.Therefore,it is particularly necessary to study the influence mechanism and influencing factors of specific assets on household farmers’ exit intention.This paper uses the literature research method to sort out the relevant literature of family farm exit,finds that there are few articles on the combination of family farm exit and asset specificity,and summarizes the innovation of this study.This paper defines the concepts of asset specificity,family farm exit and family farmer exit intention,and takes asset specificity theory and behavior decision theory as the theoretical basis of this study.After clarifying the relationship among family farms,asset specificity and family farmers’ willingness to quit,this paper puts forward research hypotheses and constructs an index system of factors influencing family farmers’ willingness to quit.In the part of empirical research,using 349 questionnaires from field survey and binary logistic regression model,this paper empirically analyzes the influence factors of asset specificity on family farmers’ willingness to quit,and concludes that special site assets,special human assets,namely,the perfection of agricultural social service system,the degree of interest in agriculture,agricultural planting skills,the degree of interest in agriculture,the degree of interest in agriculture,the degree of interest in agriculture,the degree of interest in agriculture,the degree of interest in agriculture,the degree of interest in agriculture,the degree of interest in agriculture,the degree of interest in Agricultural management ability and education level have a significant impact on family farmers’ willingness to quit.According to the empirical results,the paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions.In order to reduce the impact of the asset specificity of family farms on the withdrawal of family farmers,we should strengthen the construction of agricultural socialized service system,cultivate family farmers’ business interest,reduce their worries about agricultural planting skills,and improve their agricultural management ability,So as to provide decisionmaking reference for the construction of family farm exit mechanism and the improvement of related policies.Finally,the research contents of this study are summarized,and the shortcomings of this study and the future prospects are put forward.更多还原