【作者】 刘斌；

【导师】 赵劲松；

【作者基本信息】 西南财经大学 ， 经济史， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 鸦片战争后,随着不平等条约的体系的建立,中国进一步被卷入国际市场。在国内外商业贸易不断增加的背景下,近代中国的金融业逐步发展起来,开始出现了新式银行、邮政储金等新的金融业态,与传统典当、钱庄、票号等金融机构一起,丰富了金融市场的主体。新旧金融机构在为社会提供金融服务的同时,相互之间也形成了竞争、替代或互补的关系,这对于认识当时金融市场具体的运行状态以及金融业的发展情况有着重要的意义。本文以1919年邮政储金开办的政策冲击为例,研究邮政储金的开设对于当地金融机构发展的影响。1919年,北洋政府正式开办邮政储金业务,开办之初仅在邮政总局内设立储金股以发展邮政储金业务。区别于一般传统金融机构与新式银行,邮政储金有两个特点:首先是依托于邮政网络开设,因此区位布局不局限于城市,而是随邮政网点开设在许多其他金融机构未能涉足的偏远地区;其次,在业务上,近代邮政储金更多的涉及了普通民众所需的小额储蓄与零星汇兑,这些金融服务一般是传统金融机构不愿参与的业务。以上两个特点使得邮政储金与新式银行和其他金融机构相比,更能满足基层市场的金融需求,甚至在一定意义上实现了公用事业与金融的结合,对近代中国金融市场而言有着特殊的意义。本文采用历史描述和计量实证的方法,探究近代邮政储金开办及其对地区金融业的发展有何种影响。通过对近代邮政储金历史资料的系统爬梳,本文首次构建了包含邮政储金局所、新式银行、票号和钱庄等金融机构的历史数据集,在此基础上对邮政储金和其他金融机构的关系进行了实证研究。估计结果验证了在区域分布与业务经营上,邮政储金与新式银行业之间存在竞争关系,与传统金融机构之间存在互补关系。本文的研究具有一定的理论贡献与现实启示。在研究方法上,本文首次对邮政储金和其他金融机构之间的关系进行严谨的计量分析。既有文献对邮政储金的研究多使用定性分析的方法,对其与其他金融机构的关系未能明确,本文的发现也对这一问题提供了新的结论。同时,本文的研究发现,当同一地区的金融机构能满足不同的金融需求层次时,相互之间并不一定是竞争的关系。在当前的国内社会结构复杂的背景下,社会对于金融服务的需求也是多层次的,金融行业特别是银行业在当前同业竞争激烈的情况下,无论是国有银行,还是股份制银行,抑或是城商行与农商行一定程度上都可以参考近代中国邮政储金这段时期的发展情况,立足自身情况与市场环境去对应市场上金融服务需求,在满足社会不同层次金融服务需求的前提下谋求自身发展,进而避开过于激烈的同质化竞争,实现新的发展,邮政储金的这段历史过往正好可以为当代商业银行的发展提供一定的经验借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 After the Opium War,because of the establishment of unequal treaty system,China was further involved in the international market.Under the background of increasing commercial trade at home and abroad,modern China’s financial industry has gradually developed,and new financial formats such as new banks and postal savings have emerged.Together with traditional financial institutions such as pawn shops(diandang),draft banks(piaohao)and local banks(qianzhuang),it has enriched the main body of the financial market.While providing financial services to the society,the new and old financial institutions also formed a competitive,alternative or complementary relationship with each other,which is of great significance for understanding the specific operation state of the financial market and the development of the financial industry at that time.Taking the establishment of postal savings in 1919 as an example,this paper studies the impact of the establishment of postal savings on the development of local financial institutions.In 1919,the Republic government officially opened the postal savings business and at the beginning,only the savings unit was set up in the General Post Office to develop the postal savings business.Different from traditional financial institutions and new banks,postal savings have two characteristics: First of all,it is based on the postal network,so the layout is not limited to cities,but is opened in remote areas where many other financial institutions cannot get involved with postal outlets;Secondly,in business,modern postal savings involve more small savings and sporadic exchange needed by ordinary people,and these financial services are generally businesses that other financial institutions are unwilling to participate in.Compared with the new banks and other financial institutions,the postal savings can better meet the financial needs of the grass-roots market,and even realize the combination of public utilities and finance in a certain sense,which is of special significance to the modern Chinese financial market.In this paper,historical description and econometric empirical methods are used to explore the establishment of modern postal savings and its influence on the development and changes of regional financial industry.By systematically combing the historical data of modern postal savings,this paper constructs the historical data set of financial institutions including postal savings bureaus,new banks,banks and banks for the first time,makes an empirical study on the relationship between postal savings and other financial institutions.The estimation results verify that in terms of regional distribution and business operations,there is a competitive relationship between postal savings and the new banking industry,and a complementary relationship with traditional financial institutions.This thesis has certain theoretical contribution and practical enlightenment.In terms of research methods,this paper makes a rigorous quantitative analysis of the relationship between postal savings and other financial institutions for the first time.Existing literatures mostly use qualitative methods to study postal savings,but the relationship between postal savings and other financial institutions is not clear.The findings of this paper also provide a new conclusion to this problem.At the same time,the findings of this article show that when financial institutions in the same area can meet different levels of financial needs,they are not necessarily in a competitive relationship.Under the background of complex domestic social structure,the social demand for financial services is also multi-level.Under the current fierce competition in the same industry,the financial industry,especially the banking industry,whether it is a state-owned bank,a joint-stock bank,or a city commercial bank or a rural commercial bank,can refer to the development of modern China’s postal savings in this period,and respond to the demand for market financial services based on its own situation and market environment.On the premise of meeting the financial service needs of different levels of society,we seek our own development and then avoid the fierce homogenization competition and seek our own new development.This historical past of postal savings can just provide some reference experience for the development of contemporary commercial banks.更多还原