【作者】 胡斌；

【导师】 张文超；

【作者基本信息】 南京理工大学 ， 军事化学与烟火技术， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 纳米铝热薄膜的点火温度、反应性能、燃烧性能和热稳定性等都可以通过改变单层膜的厚度、控制组分间的接触程度和添加界面层来达到精确的调控。为研究界面层对纳米铝热薄膜反应性能和燃烧性能的影响,本文首先采用电化学阳极氧化与磁控溅射相结合的方法制备CuO/Al纳米线铝热薄膜,通过改变镀铝的厚度来获得最佳配比。然后分别采用磁控溅射法和化学浴沉积法在CuO纳米线表面制备了Ni和NiO,不同厚度的Ni和NiO可以通过改变工艺参数制备,最后以磁控溅射法镀铝得到具有中间界面层的CuO@Ni/Al和CuO@NiO/Al纳米线铝热薄膜。通过热分析和燃烧性能测试发现,Al:CuO的最佳配比为1.39,此时CuO/Al纳米线铝热薄膜的放热量为2811.7J/g,反应活化能为252.15 k J/mol,最大燃烧压力达到4.02MPa。Ni和NiO界面层对CuO/Al纳米线铝热薄膜的反应热性能和燃烧性能有不同的影响。CuO@Ni/Al体系的放热量和最大燃烧压力随着Ni厚度的增加均逐渐下降,当Ni界面层的厚度为17nm时,CuO/Al体系的放热量降低了29.6%,反应活化能降低了36.7%,最大燃烧压力降低了42.3%。在CuO@Ni/Al体系中,Ni/Al首先在界面处发生反应形成合金层,这些合金层对铝热反应中的氧原子扩散起阻碍作用,Ni作为惰性材料还会吸收铝热反应中释放的热量,弱化了热传导作用。随着NiO厚度的增加,CuO@NiO/Al体系的放热量和最大燃烧压力出现先增加后减小的趋势,25nm厚的NiO界面层使CuO/Al体系的放热量增加了7.5%,反应活化能降低了36.2%,最大燃烧压力增加了23.9%。不同于Ni界面层,CuO@NiO/Al体系中的NiO作为界面层参与了铝热发应,对CuO与Al的反应起诱导作用,引发CuO/Al更加倾向于在固-固相发生反应。更多还原

【Abstract】 The ignition temperature,reactivity,combustion performance and thermal stability of the nanothermite films can be precisely controlled by changing the monolayer thickness,the contact degree of components as well as interface layer.A combination of electrochemical anodization and magnetron sputtering was used to prepare CuO/Al nanowire thermite films.The optimal stoichiometric ratio was obtained by the thickness variation in sputtered Al layer.In order to study the impacts of the interface layer on the reactivity and combustion performance of nanothermite film,Ni and NiO were deposited on the surface of CuO nanowires by magnetron sputter and chemical bath deposition,respectively.The thicknesses of Ni and NiO can be controlled by adjusting the process parameters.Finally,a layer of Al was deposited onto the nanowires to obtain CuO@Ni/Al and CuO@NiO/Al nanowire thermite films.The thermal analysis and combustion performance tests reveal that the optimum equivalence ratio for the CuO/Al nanowire thermite film is about 1.39.Under the optimum condition,the heat release,activation energy and maximum pressure output of the CuO/Al nanowire thermite film are 2811.7J/g,252.15 k J/mol and 4.02 MPa,respectively.The effects of the Ni and NiO interface layers on the heat release performance and combustion properties of the CuO/Al nanowire thermite films are explicitly different.In this dissertation,it is explained that by increasing the thickness of Ni,it will reduce the heat release and pressure output of CuO@Ni/Al systems.When the thickness of Ni is 17 nm,the heat release,activation energy and maximum pressure output of the CuO@Ni/Al system decreases by 29.6%,36.7% and 42.3%,respectively.Al/Ni alloys were formed at the interface that resist the oxygen diffusion between CuO and Al.Morever,the addition of Ni interface layer into the CuO/Al systems provides a heat drop which not only absorbs the heat from the thermite reaction but also prevents the heat transfer.The heat release and pressure output of CuO@NiO/Al system increase at first and then decrease with increasing NiO thickness.The deposition of 25 nm NiO layer between CuO and Al has shown an increase in the heat release by 7.5% and pressure output by 23.9% and decrease in the activation energy by 36.2%.Different from Ni as interface layer,NiO can participate in thermite reaction,promote the reaction of CuO/Al and induce the solid-solid phase reaction.更多还原