【作者】 张悦；

【导师】 伊士国； 阚珂；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 法律硕士（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 为了实现国家监察体制改革全覆盖的目标,我国《监察法》明确规定了六种具体类型的监察对象主体。这六类主体基本覆盖了所有行使公权力的公职人员,保障和支持着监察委员会监察工作的展开。但是,由于监察对象的识别标准不统一等原因,导致目前我国监察对象具体范围的界定还存在着一些问题,影响监察工作的开展。为了明确监察对象的具体范围,对目前监察对象认定中的问题进行了研究,将分散的监察对象范围整合起来,防止出现监察对象范围的过度扩大,或者实际工作中遗漏监察对象的情况出现,以期实现国家监察全覆盖的目标。结合理论与实践中对监察对象理解上的分歧,可以发现一些亟需解决的现实问题。除了人大代表能否成为监察对象这一问题仍存在争议外,界定监察对象过程中,还存在着《监察法》中“国有企业”以及职务犯罪主体的概念与《刑法》相关概念界定不一,《监察法》自身对“管理人员”和“从事管理的人员”的内涵不明的问题。同时,兜底条款的适用规则仍然不明确。这些问题缺少清晰的法律界定,导致在具体实践中难以准确把握界定监察对象范围的边界。对于监察对象存在的以上问题,有针对性地提出以下相应解决措施,从而对监察对象范围进行科学界定。首先,明确人大代表属于特殊的公职人员,不能作为监察对象。而在对兼职人大代表的公职人员进行监察时,需恪守内容限度及程序限度。其次,明确《监察法》与《刑法》相关概念的衔接适用。不仅要对“国有企业”概念的界定范围进行明确,同时,还要通过法律解释实现职务犯罪主体范围统一。再次,对“管理人员”和“从事管理的人员”构建身份与行为双标准进行界定。最后,明确兜底条款的解释规则,在适用同质性解释规则的基础上,禁止对兜底条款类推解释。只有对相关问题予以解决,对制度予以完善,才能增强反腐败实效,更好地实现监察全覆盖,推进国家治理和社会发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 To achieve the goal of full coverage of national supervision system reform,China’s“Supervision law” clearly defined six specific types of supervisory object.These six kinds of subjects cover all public officials who exercise public power,which guarantees and support the development of the supervisory work of the Supervisory Committee.However,there are still some problems in the definition of the specific scope of the supervisory object,which affect the development of supervision work.To clarify the scope of the object of supervision,the problems in the identification of the object of supervision are studied.In this way,the scope of scattered supervision objects can be integrated,and the excessive expansion of the scope or the omission of the supervisory object in actual work can be prevented,so as to achieve the goal of full coverage of national supervision.Combining theory with practice,we can find some practical problems which need to be solved urgently.Apart from the question of whether NPC deputies can be subject to scrutiny,there is still controversy.In the process of defining the object of supervision,there is still a difference between the definition of "state-owned enterprises" and the subject of duty crimes in the Supervision Law and the definition of related concepts in the Criminal Law,and the connotation of "management personnel" and "personnel engaged in management" in the Supervision Law is unclear.Meanwhile,the rules of application of the bottom-up clause remain unclear.The lack of a clear legal definition of these issues makes it difficult to accurately grasp the boundaries of the scope of the supervisory object.For the above problems existing in the supervisory object,the following corresponding solutions are put forward pertinently.First of all,we must make it clear that deputies to the NPC are special public officials and cannot be the object of supervision.At the same time,the limits of content and procedures must be strictly observed in the supervision of public officials who are part-time NPC deputies.Secondly,it is necessary to maintain the cohesion between the Supervision Law and the Criminal Law.It is necessary not only to clarify the scope of "state-owned enterprises",but also to unify the concept of the subject of duty crime through legal interpretation.Thirdly,identity and behavior must be defined as the common criteria for “Managers” and “People engaged in management”.Finally,the rules of interpretation of bottoming clauses should be made clear,and the analogical interpretation of bottoming clauses should be prohibited based on homogeneous interpretation rules.Only by solving the relevant problems and improving the system can we enhance the effectiveness of anti-corruption,promote national governance and social development,and full coverage of supervision will be better achieved.更多还原