【作者】 李良；

【导师】 范启富； 徐金仙；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 控制工程（专业学位）， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 高光机是数控机床专用领域的分支,用于高精密、高光泽度要求的零部件加工,并以此得名。智能手机及手持终端的爆发式增长中,高光机是必须的生产设备,并由此得到快速、规模化的发展。目前高光机的国产化程度很高。然而在要求较高的细节加工上,仍存在着刀纹不均、表面质量不高的问题,这种问题在生产节奏提升时会放大,限制了生产效率。数控机床的加工过程是机械、电气控制相结合的复杂机电系统控制过程,涉及到材料学、力学、机械结构、电机学、控制理论、加工工艺等等多方面的综合知识和经验。在涉及到高精密、高光泽度要求时,各个学科的交叉渗透要求尤其深入,并且存在着明显的短板效应,即从单个局部因素做改善是无效的,这使得数控机床加工效果改善复杂化,往高端发展非常困难。本文以高光机为对象,深入探索了对硬质铝材进行高光加工时,加工刀纹的形成机制,剖析了改善加工表面质量的核心因素。提出了影响刀纹进而影响表面质量的振动要素:激振、与扭转系数及惯量相关的谐振、齿槽转矩、指令冲击。本文最重要的工作是透彻分析了影响高光加工的核心因素——刀纹,提出了振动通过刀纹,影响到被加工件表面质量的路径。在实际加工中,对上述因素的把控起到了表面质量改善的效果。并且从控制的角度进行了改善对策的尝试。为了使加工效果的调整得到简化,进一步分析了伺服电机二自由度控制方法、干扰观测器控制方法,及其引入对于系统加工效果改善作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Diamond machining tools is a branch of a special field of NC machine tools.It is used to process parts with high precision and high gloss request,and in Chinese language,it is named after it.In the explosive growth of smart phones and handheld terminals,diamond machining tool is the necessary production equipment,which boomed in China.Nowadays,the localization rate of diamond machining tools is very high.However,in the improvement of detail performance,there are problems of uneven cutting wavelet mark and not good surface quality.This problem would be enlarged when the production rhythm is improved,which limits the production efficiency.Machining of NC machine tools is a complex process combined by mechanical and electrical control,which involves comprehensive knowledge of materials,mechanics,mechanical structure,electro-mechanics,control theory,processing technologies and other aspects.When it comes to the requirements of high precision and high gloss performance,the crosspenetration requirements of various disciplines are particularly in-depth,and there is an obvious short-board effect,that is,improvement from a single part factor is ineffective,which makes the improvement of NC machine tool processing performance complicated and difficult,especially to high-end applications.This paper based on the diamond machining tools,the formation of cutting wavelet mark in processing of hard aluminum material is deeply explored,and the core factors to improve the surface quality are analyzed.The core factors affect cutting wavelet mark then to affect the surface quality are chattering,resonance related to torsion coefficient and inertia ratio,cogging torque and instruction impact.The most important work of this paper is thoroughly analyzed the core factor affecting the diamond machining process – cutting wavelet mark,and reveal the path that vibration affects to the cutting wavelet mark,furthermore,affects the surface quality of the workpiece.In the actual processing,the control of the above factors has played a good role in improving the surface quality.Based on the control theory,I tried to improve the processing performance.In order to simplify the adjustment of machining processing,the two degree of freedom algorithm and disturbance observer algorithm of servo motor are analyzed,and improvements are achieved in machining processing of the system by these algorithms.更多还原