【作者】 张莉；

【导师】 李积顺；

【作者基本信息】 西北师范大学 ， 世界史， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 高等教育是社会发展的推动力。它对国家政治、经济、文化的塑造极为重要,更是与社会和谐稳定相关的因素之一。苏联解体后,哈萨克斯坦作为新兴国家在三十年间经历了政治经济全方位的变革,就哈萨克斯坦相对封闭和传统的国家环境来看,能够促进这种变化的因素之一便是高等教育。以历史的纵向发展为线索,分析哈萨克斯坦高等教育的发展脉络和阶段性特征,并将它与国家政治、经济发展以及国际形势等大背景相结合,探讨其发展取得的成就和面临的挑战。独立前哈萨克斯坦的高等教育无论在教育目标、教学内容和教学体系等方面均受苏联的影响。但在独立后,哈萨克斯坦的高等教育有了新的发展。随着哈萨克斯坦政治、经济的转轨,颁布了推动高等教育发展的新式法律,使得高等教育体系发生了改变。《里斯本公约》的签订是高等教育发展的转折点,此后,哈萨克斯坦实行三级学位制、引进学分制、扩大学生入学机会,并创立了国内第一所高度自治的纳扎尔巴耶夫大学。加入博洛尼亚进程使高等教育发展达到了高潮期,政府对高等教育进行了重新规划,其表现在高等教育质量评估的实行、跨境交流的加强,以期促使高等教育国际化。高等教育是一个长期的发展过程,受到国家战略方针、社会经济、思想文化等各方面的影响,同时又对这些因素的发展产生重要作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Higher education is the impetus of social development,which is extremely important in shaping the country’s politics,economy and culture,and is also one of the factors related to social harmony and stability.After the independence of Kazakhstan,as an emerging country,it has experienced all-round political and economic changes in the past three decades.From the perspective of Kazakhstan’s relatively closed and traditional national environment,one of the factors that can promote this change is higher education.Viewed historically,what we analyze the evolution and periodic characteristics of Kazakhstan’s higher education after independence,and combine it with the national political,economic development,and international situation,and explore its achievements and challenges.The higher education of Kazakhstan before independence was influenced by the Soviet Union in terms of educational goals,educational content and teaching system.However,after independence,higher education in Kazakhstan has made new developments.With the political and economic transition of Kazakhstan,new laws were promulgated to promote the development of higher education,which changed the higher education system.The signing of the Lisbon Convention was a turning point in the development of higher education.Since then,Kazakhstan has implemented a three-level degree system,introduced a credit system,expanded student enrollment opportunities,and founded the country’s first highly autonomous Nazarbayev University.Joining the Bologna process has brought the development of higher education to a climax.The government has re-planned higher education,which is reflected in the implementation of higher education quality assessment and the strengthening of cross-border exchanges in order to promote the internationalization of higher education.Higher education is a long-term development process.It is influenced by the national strategy,social economy,ideology and culture,etc.,and it also plays an important role in the development of these factors.更多还原