【作者】 张玲；

【导师】 查明辉；

【作者基本信息】 江西师范大学 ， 社会工作（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【副题名】以F县德仁苑为例

【摘要】 “少年强则国强,少年智则国智”,青少年的积极健康发展始终关系着国家的前途与命运。据民政部不完全统计,截至2020年底,全国事实上无人抚养的儿童(以下简称事实孤儿)数量已达25.3万人,这些孩子没有完整的家庭,由隔代祖父母或近亲暂时照料。在政府相关部门的关怀下,各方也在探索有效的事实孤儿救助模式。经过近几年的努力,各地逐步形成了以设立专门机构为主流,采取集中收养的方式开展对事实孤儿的救助工作。如今,进入专门机构的事实孤儿们已经解除了基本生活得不到保障的风险,但在另一方面,物质上的供给往往只能满足他们正常生存的需求,许多进入专门机构的事实孤儿仍然缺少来自精神世界的正向支持,综合表现并不算理想。笔者通过对F县事实孤儿专门救助机构“德仁苑”的深入调研了解到机构事实孤儿具有以下行为特点:一是学习积极性普遍不高,男生喜欢游戏,女生喜欢追星;二是社会交往单一且固定,行为较为孤僻;三是具有一定自我管理能力,但缺乏自信;四是纪律性较好,服从意识较强。为了更好地引导事实孤儿积极健康成长,本文以积极青少年发展理论中的自信、能力、联结、品格和同理心为介入目标,以自我效能感、学习能力、人际沟通、良好品格为介入内容,开展“阳光成长,积极生活”青少年成长教育小组活动。同时确立以下研究目的:首先,了解“德仁苑”事实孤儿基本情况,评估事实孤儿的发展状况,包括自信心、学习能力、社会关系和良好品格等方面。其次,通过小组工作方法引导德仁苑事实孤儿积极发展,帮助其健康成长。最后,探索积极青少年发展理论视角下对德仁苑事实孤儿的介入效果,并在此基础上为完善“德仁育孤”模式提供可行性建议。总的来说,通过以积极青少年发展理论为指导,采用小组工作方法为事实孤儿提供社会工作服务,不仅仅是帮助个体充分健康发展,更是引导社会全面看待青少年的发展。但社会工作在事实孤儿方面的探讨仍有很大空间,值得更深刻的思考和研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Juvenile strength is national strength,juvenile wisdom is national wisdom.The positive and healthy development of young people has always been related to the future and destiny of a country.According to incomplete statistics from the Ministry of Civil Affairs,by the end of 2020,the number of virtually unsupported children(de facto orphans)in China had reached 253,000,and these de facto orphans are mostly taken care of by grandparents or close relatives without a complete family.Under the care of the relevant government departments,all parties are also exploring effective practical orphan relief models.Through the efforts in recent years,various localities have gradually formed the establishment of specialized institutions as the mainstream,adopting the way of centralized adoption to carry out the relief work for the de facto orphans.Today,de facto orphans entering specialized agencies have removed the risk of basic insecurity,but on the other hand,material supplies tend to meet their normal survival needs.Many de facto orphans entering specialized agencies still lack positive support from the spiritual world,and the overall performance is not ideal.Through an in-depth investigation of Deren Court in F County,the author has learned that institutional orphans have the following behavioral characteristics: First,they are generally not active in learning.Boys like games,while girls like to follow TV dramas and stars.Second,the social interaction is single and fixed,the behavior is more solitary.Third,they have certain self-management ability,but lack of confidence.Fourth,the discipline is better,the sense of obedience is stronger.In order to better guide the positive and healthy growth of orphans,this paper takes self-confidence,ability,connection,character and empathy in the theory of positive youth development as the intervention goal,and takes self-efficacy,learning ability,interpersonal communication and good character as the intervention content to carry out "sunshine growth,positive life" youth growth education group activities.At the same time,the following research purposes were established: first,to understand the basic situation of Deren Court’de orphans,and to evaluate the development of de fact orphans,including self-confidence,learning ability,social relations and good character.Secondly,through the working methods of the group to guide the active development of de facto orphans,to help their healthy growth.Finally,this paper explores the intervention effect of Deren orphans from the perspective of active youth development theory,and provides feasible suggestions for perfecting the model of Deren orphans.In general,through the guidance of positive youth development theory and the use of group work methods to provide social work services for factual orphans,it is not only to help individuals develop fully and healthily,but also to guide the society to look at the development of adolescents in an all-round way.However,there is still a lot of space for social work to explore the fact of orphans,which is worth more profound thinking and research.更多还原