【作者】 王静；

【导师】 唐日新；

【作者基本信息】 江西师范大学 ， 心理学， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 风险决策是人们日常生活中一种常见的决策形式。以往研究显示,青少年阶段是个体冒险水平最高的时期。频繁的风险决策,不仅对青少年的身心发展产生负面影响;而且,这种负面影响还会波及与其具有亲密情感联结的他人。进入青春期后,同辈群体成为青少年除父母之外最重要的人际对象。近年来的研究揭示,青少年在为自己和群体做决策时,会有不同的风险偏好,但研究结果目前尚未达成一致。本研究将探究,青少年为自己和为集体决策时的风险偏好差异及其影响因素。本研究包含三个研究,所有被试均为初二年级学生。研究一探究为自己和为班集体决策时青少年的风险偏好差异。采用2(决策对象:自己、班集体)×2(性别:男、女)的两因素被试间实验设计,122名被试,以气球模拟风险决策范式为任务。研究结果显示,在风险偏好上,决策对象的主效应不显著。性别主效应显著,男生的冒险水平显著高于女生。决策对象与性别的交互作用显著,为自己决策时男生冒险水平显著高于女生,为班集体决策时男女生差异不显著。结果表明相较于为自己决策,为班集体决策时,青少年会采用更理智的风险中立策略,为班集体获得更大收益。研究二重复验证研究一所得结果的可靠性,并考察内部动机(内疚感)在决策对象与风险中立水平间的中介作用。实验设计与研究一相同,120名被试,采用系列决策任务。研究结果显示,在风险中立水平上,决策对象主效应和性别主效应均显著,为班集体决策的最佳决策比例显著高于为自己决策,男生的最佳决策比例显著高于女生。内部动机在决策对象与风险中立水平间的部分中介效应显著。青少年为班集体决策时,其内部动机水平越高,风险中立水平也越高。研究三探究外部动机(责备回避、维护自我形象)对青少年为班集体决策时风险偏好的影响。2(外部压力:有、无)的单因素被试间实验设计,62名被试,实验范式与研究二相同。研究结果显示,为班集体决策时,高、低外部动机组被试的最佳决策比例差异不显著。表明责备回避和维护自我形象的动机不会影响青少年为班集体决策的策略。更多还原

【Abstract】 Risk decision-making is a common form of decision making in People’s Daily life.Previous studies have shown that adolescence is the period when individual risk-taking levels are highest.Frequent risky decision-making not only has a negative impact on the physical and mental development of adolescents;Moreover,the negative effects also spread to other people with whom they have a close emotional connection.After entering adolescence,the peer group becomes the most important interpersonal object besides parents.Research in recent years has revealed that adolescents have different risk preferences when making decisions for themselves and groups,but the results have not been consistent.This study will explore the differences and influencing factors in adolescents’ risk preferences when making decisions for self and for the group.This study consists of three studies,and all the subjects were sophomores.Study1 explored the difference in risk preference between adolescents making decisions for themselves and for their class.A 2(decision object: oneself,class)×2(gender: male,female)two-factor between subject experimental design was adopted with 122 subjects,and the Balloon Analogue Risk Task paradigm was taken as the task.The results show that the main effect of decision object on risk preference is not significant.The main effect of gender was significant,and the risk-taking level of boys was significantly higher than that of girls.The interaction between decision object and gender is significant.The risk-taking level of male students is significantly higher than that of female students when making decision for themselves,but there is no significant difference between male and female students when making decision for the class.The results showed that teenagers would adopt more rational risk-neutral strategies when making decisions for their class,compared with making decisions for themselves,and gain more benefits for the class.In the second study,the results of the first study were repeated to verify the reliability of the results,and the mediating role of internal motivation(guilt)between the decision object and the level of risk neutrality was investigated.The design of the experiment was the same as that of the first study.123 subjects were assigned a series of decision making tasks.The results show that at the level of risk neutrality,both the main effect of the decision object and the main effect of the decision gender are significant.The proportion of the best decision for the class is significantly higher than that for the class itself,and the proportion of the best decision for the boys is significantly higher than that for the girls.The partial mediating effect of internal motivation between decision object and risk neutral level is significant.The higher the level of internal motivation is,the higher the level of risk neutrality is.The third study explored the influence of external motivation(blame avoidance,self-image maintenance)on adolescent’s risk preference in decision making for class.2.Single factor between subject design(external pressure: with or without),with 62 subjects,with the same experimental paradigm as in Study 2.The results show that there is no significant difference in the optimal decision-making proportion between high and low external motivation when making decision for class.The results showed that blame avoidance and self-image maintenance motivation did not affect adolescents,decision making strategies for class.更多还原