【作者】 王敏；

【导师】 聂成军；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 中国语言文学·文艺学， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 论文以梅亚苏的偶然性思想为研究对象,从理论内涵、文本创作和诗歌语言的实践层面、思辨唯物论三个方面阐发万物偶在,立足美学维度思考其美学意义。在批判康德以来主体在本体论上的有限性时,梅亚苏提出了“相关主义循环”这一概念,他重申因果律,戏谑性地提出了“非理由律”,即一切存在都具有无理由的偶然性。梅亚苏将海德格尔的“实际性”原则绝对化,得出了“偶然性的必然性”这一理论,为当今哲学提供了一条新的有效的哲学走向。梅亚苏将偶然性理论置于文学文本的创作中去理解,揭示出偶然性理论意味着“给定之物以及其不变量之‘非理由’的存在——万物偶在”,偶然性意味着断裂和突破规范,一切存在都可以以其他方式随时随地出现和消失,小说创作和诗歌语言将超越理性的束缚更彻底地转换为揭示当下充满未定性、矛盾性、偶然性和突发性事件的世界的场所。梅亚苏的偶然性理论的美学意义以“科外幻小说”和马拉美的诗歌为文本基础。梅亚苏在《形而上学和科学外虚构》中从阿西莫夫的短篇小说《桌球》着手,揭示了“科外幻小说”与传统的科幻小说相反模式:最后没有回到一个依然被理性和因果关系解释的科学虚构上去,而是凸显了万物偶然存在和消失的合理性。运用梅亚苏的偶然性理论进行科外幻创作意味着关注他人、避免唯我论、尊重差异和多样性,通过艺术技巧的运用,描述一个充满神秘性、不确定性的小说世界,力图恢复偶然世界的原貌。梅亚苏借鉴巴迪欧对诗歌的研究,在对马拉美的《骰子一掷》的研究中拓展了诗歌的形式、格律、语言三个核心问题。马拉美经过梅亚苏所说的“双重牺牲”——即在《骰子一掷》中加入谜语游戏,打破了诗歌固有的语言和格律序列,在每一个字句的纯粹偶然性当中寻找重新定位的可能。诗歌与艺术、真理的关联涉及了诗歌的“陌生化”语言与毁灭、死亡和救赎的矛盾关系,梅亚苏指出马拉美的诗歌是一个蕴含真理的集合,也是一场诗人与读者的博弈,这场赌注读者超越了读者的内心期待,从而创造了一种崇高的内在经验感受。梅亚苏作为新近兴起的“思辨实在论”中的一名重要成员,他的偶然性理论对万物偶在的强调使客体具有了本体论层面上的意义,没有主体目光审视下的客体怎样展现自己的存在是思辨唯物论的主要议题之一。从学科意义上看,梅亚苏的偶然性思想所包含的“万物偶在”的意义通过更新艺术话语进一步打破了作为哲学分支的美学传统,一些当代艺术作品的内涵有意无意地与梅亚苏的哲学理论产生了某种程度的共鸣。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper,with Millassoux’s contingency thought as the research object,elucidates the happenings of all things from three aspects: theoretical connotation,text creation,practical aspect of poetic language and speculative materialism,and considers its aesthetic significance based on the aesthetic dimension.While criticizing the ontological limitation of subject since Kant,Millassoux proposed the concept of "correlativism cycle".He reiterated the law of causality,and jokingly put forward the "law of non-reason",which means all existence is unreasonably contingent.Millassoux absolutized Heidegger’s principle of "facility" and obtained the theory of "necessity of contingency",which provided a new and effective philosophical trend for today’s philosophy.Millassoux interprets the theory of contingency in the creation of literary texts and reveals that the theory of contingency means "the existence of the ’non-reason’ of the given thing and its invariant--everything happens accidentally".Contingency means breaking and breaking norms,and all existence can appear and disappear anytime and anywhere in other ways.The creation of novels and the language of poems will more thoroughly transform beyond the bondage of rationality into the world place full of uncertainty,contradiction,contingency and sudden events.Millassoux’s contingency theory of aesthetic meaning with "the fiction of hors-science" and Mallarme to poetry as the foundation of text,In metaphysics and the fiction of hors-science,Millassoux starts with Asimov’s short story "Billiards",reveals the "the fiction of hors-science" in contrast to the traditional science fiction,no finally returned to a still be rational and causal interpretation of science fiction,It highlights the rationality of the accidental existence and disappearance of the world outside scientific rationality.The application of Millassoux’s contingency theory to the creation of paranormal fantasy means paying attention to others,avoiding solsolism,respecting differences and diversity,describing an uncertain and mysterious fictional world through the application of artistic techniques,and trying to restore the original appearance of the accidental world.Millassoux draws lessons from Badiou’s research on poetry,and expands the three core issues of poetic form,meter and language in his study of Malarme’s "Un Coup de des".Through what Millassoux calls "the double sacrifice"--the addition of riddles to "Un Coup de des"--Malarme breaks the inherent language and metrical sequence of the poem and seeks the possibility of repositioning in the pure contingency of each word.Poetry and art,the correlation of the truth of poetry "defamiliarization" the contradiction between language and destruction,death and redemption,points out that Malarme’s poetry contains a collection of truth,it is also a poet and the reader’s game,the stakes for the reader beyond the reader to heart look forward to creating a kind of inner experience with high mean feeling.As an important member of the newly emerging speculative realism,Millassoux’s theory of contingency emphasizes the incidentality of all things,which makes the object have the ontological significance.How the object shows its existence without the view of the subject is one of the main issues of speculative materialism.From the perspective of discipline,the meaning of "all things happen" contained in Millassoux’s thought of contingency further opens up the aesthetic tradition as a branch of philosophy by updating artistic discourse,and the connotation of some contemporary art works has reached a certain degree of resonance with Millassoux’s philosophical theory,intentionally or unintentionally.更多还原