【作者】 李奇；

【导师】 齐昉；

【作者基本信息】 东南大学 ， 建筑设计及其理论（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 21世纪是人口老龄化的时代。目前,我国65岁及以上老人所占比重已经接近10%,据统计,全国失能、半失能老人达4000万人,这个数字会随着我国老龄化程度的加深而进一步攀高,失能老人的养老照护问题也愈发的得到关注。但是,目前我国以居家养老为主,近年来,家庭结构趋向小型化、子女通常和父母两地分居,仅仅靠家庭养老无法有效解决失能老人的照护问题,因此对于面向失能老人养老设施的研究十分必要。失能不仅仅包括行动能力缺失,视觉、语言等其他能力缺失也可归为失能。不同类型的失能老人对建筑空间的诉求自然各不相同。但是由于行动能力缺失是失能老人的普遍特征,本文主要将目光聚焦于行动能力较弱的老人群体。而这一类失能老人入住养老设施存在两个方面的问题。一方面,目前这一类养老设施的床位数量较为短缺,且养老设施体系建设尚不完善,老人无法甄别选择合适自己的设施。此外,失能老人没有另外的经济来源,还面临照护费用较高,支付能力不足等诸多社会维度问题。另一方面,从设施维度来看,虽然养老设施、养老机构已经有意识的空间上采取了诸多适老化的措施,但是总体上都较为粗犷,忽视了较多的细节问题,很难满足失能老人的日常生活起居需求,甚至起到一些反作用。本文基于以上两方面的问题,针对失能老人在社会维度与养老设施维度的需求展开研究。在社会维度方面,提出了失能老人对于养老设施数量、精细化的养老服务、足够的养老保障资金三个方面的需求,通过分析国外养老设施的市场化运营方式、精细的分类体系与多样的养老服务方式、完善的养老保障体系等方面政策,并结合我国国情提出养老设施市场化发展、养老服务精细化发展、养老保障体系多层次发展的建议。在设施维度方面,首先分析了失能老人的生理与心理及行为特点,从而将其在养老设施中的行为分为居住、卫浴、进餐、医护、移位、文娱六类,并基于此探讨这六类行为对于养老设施空间的需求。同时通过实地调研,了解目前国内现有的养老设施空间中存在的问题,最后结合优秀案例分析、相关设计规范以及老年人人体工程学相关要求提出养老设施精细化的设计策略。全文字数:6.3万字图表:145幅更多还原

【Abstract】 The 21 st century is an age of population aging.At present,the proportion of elderly people aged 65 and above in our country is close to 10%.According to statistics,the number of disabled and semi-disabled people in the country is 40 million.The issue of old-age care is getting more and more attention.However,China currently focuses on home-based elderly care.In recent years,the family structure has tended to be miniaturized,and children are usually separated from their parents.Family care alone cannot effectively solve the care of disabled people.Research is very necessary.Disability does not only include a lack of mobility,but other abilities such as vision and language can also be classified as disability.Different types of incapacitated elderly people naturally have different demands for building space.However,since lack of mobility is a common feature of disabled elderly,this article focuses on the elderly with weak mobility.There are two problems for disabled elderly people to stay in retirement agencies.On the one hand,there is currently a shortage of beds in old-age care agencies,and the construction of old-age care agency systems is not yet perfect,and the elderly cannot choose to choose their own suitable agencies.In addition,the disabled elderly have no other financial source,but also face many social dimensions such as high care costs and insufficient payment capacity.On the other hand,from the perspective of the old-age care agency itself,although many aging measures have been consciously taken,they are generally rough and ignore more details.It is difficult to meet the daily needs of disabled elderly people.It even has some counter effects.Based on the above two issues,this article conducts research on the needs of the disabled elderly in the social dimension and the dimensions of nursing home.In terms of the social dimension,it proposes the needs of the disabled elderly for the number of elder nursing home,elaborate elder care services,and sufficient pension security funds.By analyzing the marketoriented operation of foreign elder nursing home and the elaborate classification system,elder care Policies related to the security system,combined with China’s national conditions,some construction advices are also given on the market-oriented development of old-age nursing home,elaborate development of old-age services,and multi-level development of the old-age security system.In terms of nursing home dimensions,it first analyzes the physical,psychological and behavioral characteristics of the disabled elderly,so as to classify their behaviors in elderly nursing home into six categories: living,bathing,dining,medical care,shifting,and entertainment,and based on this discussion of these six Demand for the space of nursing home.At the same time,through field investigations,we will understand the existing problems in the existing space for elderly nursing home in China,and finally put forward elaborate design strategies for elderly nursing home based on excellent case analysis,relevant design specifications,and ergonomic requirements for the elderly.更多还原