【作者】 袁凯；

【导师】 吴艳涛； 施静囡；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 兽医硕士（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来海门地区的山羊养殖业不断发展,已经成为重要的农村经济支柱产业。然而,口蹄疫(FMD)和小反刍兽疫(PPR)等重大动物疫病的威胁依然存在,造成很大的经济损失。FMD是由口蹄疫病毒(foot and mouth disease virus,FMDV)感染牛、羊和猪等偶蹄兽的烈性传染病,临床上以发热、跛行和皮肤、黏膜的泡状斑疹为主,是我国动物疫病强制免疫的病种之一。PPR是由小反刍兽疫病毒(peste des petits ruminants virus,PPRV)感染小反刍动物的一种急性、热性传染病,临床上以稽留热、肺炎和消化道炎症等为主。由于带毒动物的输入性调运是FMD和PPR疫情传播的主要原因,因此海门地区制定了羊只准入制度、开展强制免疫等防控措施。其中,“羊FMD和PPR两针同免技术”(即羊FMD灭活苗和羊PPR活疫苗同时免疫)的推广既减少工作量,又提高散养羊的免疫密度。为切实了解海门地区防控山羊FMD和PPR的效果,本研究于2016-2020年间在全区12个乡镇的规模羊场和散养户进行FMD和PPR疫苗接种后的抗体合格率评价,并开展了 FMDV和PPRV的病原监测。本研究共采集羊血清样品4725份,使用ELISA试剂盒分别对FMD和PPR疫苗接种后的抗体进行检测。结果发现,不同时间、不同地域、不同饲养模式的FMD和PPR抗体合格率皆达到80%以上(均高于国家标准70%),其中FMD抗体平均合格率为87.56%(O型FMD、亚洲1型FMD抗体平均合格率分别为87.85%、87.28%),PPR抗体平均合格率87.8%。虽然海门地区疫苗接种后的抗体合格率符合国家要求,但依然有部分地区的合格率较低。本研究共采集羊O-P液(食道咽部分泌物)200份、鼻腔拭子400份,采用荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)试剂盒对FMDV和PPRV进行检测。结果显示:所有样品的FMDV和PPRV检测均呈阴性,说明在海门地区的山羊中未发生FMDV和PPRV的感染。本研究发现,2016-2020年海门地区FMD和PPR免疫抗体合格率逐年提升,未来海门地区将继续加大山羊调运的监管力度,保障免疫覆盖率和成功率,并大力推广“羊FMD和PPR两针同免技术”,力争早日实现非免疫无疫区标准。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,with the current national adjustment of animal husbandry structure,the goat breeding industry has been expanding an important pillar industry of the rural economy in Haimen,Nantong,Jiangsu Province.However,the threat of major animal diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease(FMD)and peste des petitis ruminants(PPR)are still existing.FMD is a severe infectious disease caused by foot and mouth disease virus(FMDV)that infects cloven-hoofed animals such as cattle,sheep and pigs.FMD mainly characterized by fever,lameness,and vesicular macula on the skin and mucous membranes in clinical,and which also belongs to the types of compulsory immunization against animal diseases in our country.PPR is an acute fever infectious disease caused by PPRV infecting,clinically,chronic fever,pneumonia and digestive tract inflammation are the main symptoms.The importation of toxic animals is the main reason for the spread of FMD and PPR outbreaks.The prevention and control measures,such as goat access system and compulsory immunization measures,were adopted to develop the immunization procedures suitable for goats in Haimen area."Two-needle vaccination technique for sheep foot and mouth disease and small ruminant animal disease",which is the simultaneous immunization of sheep FMD inactivated vaccine and sheep PPR alive vaccine.could reduce the workload and improve the immune density of serious animal diseases in free-range sheep.In order to effectively understand the prevention and control effects of goat FMD and PPR in Haimen area,this study focus on evaluating FMD and PPR vaccination antibodies qualification rate and carrying out the surveillance of FMDV and PPRV on large-scale sheep farms and free-range households throughout the years from 2016 to 2020 in 12 towns(parks).In this study,4,725 goat serum samples were collected,and the antibodies after vaccination of foot and mouth disease and peste des petits ruminants were detected by using the ELISA kits.The results showed that the qualified rate of immune antibodies aganist foot-and-mouth disease and peste des petits ruminants both reached more than 80%in different time points(both are higher than 70%of the national standard),different regions and different breeding modes in 2020 of Haimen area.The average pass rate of foot-and-mouth disease immune antibodies were reached 87.56%(the average pass rates of type O foot-and-mouth disease and the immune antibodies aganist Asian type 1 foot-and-mouth disease were 87.85%and 87.28%,respectively).The average pass rate of peste des petits ruminants immune antibodies is 87.8%.There were still low immunization qualification rates in some regions even though the qualification rate of antibodies after vaccination meets national requirements in Haimen area.200 esophagus-pharyngeal secretion samples and 400 nasal swab samples were collected at the same time,and the real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR)was used to detect foot-and-mouth disease virus and peste des petits ruminants virus.The results showed that the pathogenic tests for foot-and-mouth disease and peste des petits ruminants were negative.From 2016 to 2020,the qualification rate of FMD and PPR immune antibodies in Haimen area has increased year by year..In the future,Haimen area will continue to strengthen the supervision of goat transportation,ensure the immunization coverage and success rate,and vigorously promote the "Two-needle vaccination technique for sheep foot and mouth disease and peste des petits ruminants disease",and strive to achieve the standards of non-immunized areas as soon as possible.更多还原