老年人孝道期待的实现程度对主观幸福感的影响

【作者】 刘静；

【导师】 李西营；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 基础心理学， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 孝道是我国优良传统文化的典范,是建立在血缘基础上的家庭关系准则,也是社会道德和规范的行为标准,但有研究认为我国孝道文化出现断层,现代人孝道观点淡漠。在我国已进入老龄化社会的前提下,从老年人的角度审视孝道显得尤为重要,社会经济的增长和人均寿命的延长增加了老年人期待子女情感和照顾的各类需求,孝道期待俨然成为一种社会规范。国内外研究表明,孝道期待的操作性定义只考虑到代际支持和亲代典型特征,未聚焦于具体期待内容;关于孝道期待对老年人生活质量的影响研究较为简单且存在矛盾。因此,该研究试图重申我国转型期老年人孝道期待的内涵,以解释“孝道滑坡”存在与否的争论,并基于家庭亲子关系,寻求孝道期待影响老年人主观幸福感的关键因素和作用机制。该研究结合新时代我国老龄化特点和传统孝道文化新内涵,修订和完善了老年人孝道期待量表和子女孝道行为量表,并运用二次响应面回归分析和路径分析,探究了孝道期待和子女孝道行为匹配对老年人主观幸福感的影响以及社会支持的作用机制。主要研究结果如下:(1)老年人孝道期待量表信效度良好(α=.955;χ2=311.246,df=92,RMSEA=.080,SRMR=.047,CFI=.957,TLI=.944),且包括情感期待(α=.903)、工具期待(α=.906)、联络期待(α=.816)和信息期待(α=.861)四个维度;子女支持(孝道行为)量表信效度良好(α=.963;χ2=450.909,df=164,RMSEA=.070,SRMR=.034,CFI=.942,TLI=.932),且包括情感支持(α=.923)、工具支持(α=.891)、联络支持(α=.784)和信息支持(α=.864)四个维度。(2)与不匹配状态相比,情感期待和情感支持匹配时的主观幸福感更高,工具期待和工具支持匹配时的积极与消极情感更高,联络期待和联络支持匹配时的积极情感更高;在匹配情形下,老年人的生活满意度和消极情感随工具期待和工具支持的增加而增加,积极情感随工具期待和工具支持、联络期待和联络支持的增加而增加。(3)潜剖面分析结果将老年人被试分为两类,分别为高期待高支持组(421人,57.8%)和低期待低支持组(307人,42.2%)。社会支持在不同老年人对主观幸福感和消极情感的影响中起调节作用,即高社会支持时,两组老年人的主观幸福感和消极情感不存在差异,而低社会支持时,高期待高支持组的主观幸福感更高、消极情感更低。对于老年人生活质量来说,其孝道期待的实现(孝道期待和子女孝道行为相匹配)是关键因素,且社会支持是家庭支持的有效补充。本研究编制了满足心理测量学要求的工具,研究发现,我国的孝道文化并没有衰落,老年人的孝道期待和子女的孝道行为基本匹配,而且发现孝道文化具有较大社会价值和功能,能改善老年人的生活质量。本研究完善和补充了老年人孝道期待的内容,与此同时探讨了孝道期待的实现程度对老年人主观幸福感的作用机制,践行了传统孝道的本土心理学研究。这不仅对保障家庭养老功能和提高老年人的生活质量具有重要价值,而且对于弘扬传统文化和社会道德,树立文化自信,构建养老、孝老、敬老的文化传承体系和社会治理体系也具有重要作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Filial piety is a model of China’s fine traditional culture,a family relationship criterion based on blood relationship,a social moral and normative behavior standard.However,some studies believe that there is a fault in China’s filial piety culture,and modern people are indifferent to filial piety.Under the premise that China has entered an aging society,it is particularly important to examine filial piety from the perspective of the elderly.With the growth of social economy and the extension of average life expectancy,the elderly has increased their expectation of affection and care for their children,and the filial responsibility expectation has become a social norm.Studies at home and abroad show that the operational definition of filial responsibility expectation only takes into account the intergenerational social support and typical characteristics of parents,but does not focus on the specific expectations.The research on the influence of filial responsibility expectation on the quality of life for the elderly is also relatively simple and contradictory.Therefore,this study attempts to reiterate the connotation of filial responsibility expectation of the elderly in China’s transitional period,to explain the debate on whether there is "filial piety decline" or not,and to seek the key factors and mechanism affecting the subjective well-being of the elderly based on the parent-child relationship.This study combined with the new era of China’s aging population feature and new connotation of traditional filial piety culture,revised and improved the two item scales of filial responsibility expectation and filial behavior,and using the quadratic polynomial regression with response surface analysis and path analysis,explored the impact of the matching of filial responsibility expectation and received intergenerational social support(filial behavior)on the subjective well-being of the elderly and the complementary role of social support.The main research results are as follows:(1)The item scale of filial responsibility expectation has good reliability and validity(α=.955;χ2=311.246,df=92,RMSEA=.080,SRMR=.047,CFI=.957,TLI=.944),and includes four dimensions:emotional expectation(α=.903),instrumental expectation(α=.906),contact expectation(α=.816)and information expectation(α=.861).Received Intergenerational Social Support(Filial Behavior)Scale has good reliability and validity(α=.963;χ2=450.909,df=164,RMSEA=.070,SRMR=.034,CFI=.942,TLI=.932),and includes four dimensions:emotional support(α=.923),instrumental support(α=.891),contact support(α=.784)and information support(α=.864).(2)Compared with the mismatch state,emotional expectation-support fit had higher subjective well-being,instrumental expectation-support fit had higher positive and negative emotions,contact expectationsupport fit had higher positive emotions.In the matching condition,the life satisfaction and negative emotion of the elderly increased with the increase of instrumental expectation and support,while the positive emotion increased with the increase of instrumental expectation,instrumental support,contact expectation and contact support.(3)According to latent profile analysis,the elderly subjects were divided into two groups,i.e.,high expectation-support group(421 participants,57.8%)and low expectationsupport group(307 participants,42.2%).Social support played a moderating role in the influence of different group elderly people on subjective well-being and negative emotion.There was no significant difference between the two groups with high social support.When social support was low,the high expectation-support group had higher subjective well-being and lower negative emotions.For the quality of life of the elderly,the realization of filial responsibility expectation(matching filial expectation with filial behavior of children)is the key factor,and social support is an effective supplement to family support.In this study,we compiled tools to meet the requirements of psychometrics.We found that the filial piety culture in China is not declining,and the filial responsibility expectation of the elderly is basically matched with the filial behavior of the children.Moreover,we found that the filial piety culture has greater social value and function,and can improve the quality of life of the elderly.This study improves and supplements the content of the elderly’s filial responsibility expectation.Meanwhile,it explores the effect mechanism of the realization of filial responsibility expectation on the subjective wellbeing of the elderly,and practices the local psychological research of traditional filial piety.This is not only of great value to the protection of family pension function and the improvement of the quality of life for the elderly,but also plays an important role in carrying forward traditional culture and social ethics,building up cultural confidence,and building a cultural inheritance system and social governance system of supporting the elderly,filial piety and respect for the elderly.更多还原