【作者】 姚丽丽；

【导师】 屈菲；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 对外汉语教学， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 “绝对”和“绝”作为现代汉语中的常用语气副词,在语法功能上存在一些共性,如都可以出现在肯定句和否定句中表示断定和揣测。它们也有各自的显著特性,如与判断词“是”、否定词的组合能力和共现频率不同,在语义背景和句中位置等方面也存在着较大差异。在二语教学中,由于留学生对“绝对”和“绝”这两个词的共同点和各自特性认识不足,导致偏误发生率较高,因此本文将语气副词“绝对”“绝”作为研究对象。文中首先从语义、句法、语用角度对两个词语进行对比分析,分析了它们的个性以及共同之处。其次,通过检索HSK动态作文语料库,搜集留学生对这两个词语的使用情况,总结出留学生容易产生的偏误,然后对这些偏误进行分类并总结原因。最后,提出教学建议和方法。绪论部分从选题背景、研究思路、目前学界对于语气副词、“绝对”“绝”及其汉语教学的研究现状、研究方法和语料来源这几个方面进行了阐述。之后分别从语义、句法、语用三方面对“绝对”和“绝”进行了具体分析。语义上,主要从词典释义、词义演变和语义特征入手,分析其语义功能。在句法方面,先考察了“绝对”“绝”与判断词“是”和否定词“不”“非”“没”“无”“别”的共现情况,其次分析了“绝对”“绝”在句中所充当的句法成分和句中位置情况。在语用方面,主要从句类选择、主语人称选择、时体选择、篇章功能和语用功能等方面进行了论述。最后从汉语教学的角度对“绝对”“绝”进行了偏误分析,主要解决了以下问题:一是留学生在使用中主要存在哪些偏误;二是出现偏误的原因;三是使用什么样的教学方法能达到解决偏误的目的。通过对HSK语料库的考察和分析,共总结出词语混淆误用、语序不当、遗漏句法成分、句法成分多余、常规词语错字这五种偏误类型,并以此为依据提出教学建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 As common modality adverbs in Chinese adverbs,"jue dui" and "jue" have some common features in grammatical functions.For example,they both can appear in affirmative and negative sentences to express assertion and conviction.They also have their own distinctive characteristics,such as the difference in combination ability and co-occurrence frequency with affirmative words and negative words,and there are also big differences in semantic background and position in sentences.In the second language teaching,due to the lack of understanding of the common points and respective characteristics of the two words "jue dui" and "jue" by foreign students,the incidence of errors is relatively high.Therefore,this article takes the modality adverbs "jue dui" and "jue" as research object.First,the two words are compared from the perspectives of semantics,syntax and pragmatics,and their personalities and commonalities are analyzed.Secondly,by searching the HSK corpus,collecting the usage of these two words by foreign students,and summarizing the errors that foreign students are prone to make,and then classifying these errors and summarizing the reasons.Finally,put forward teaching suggestions and methods.In the introduction part,we discuss the background of the topic,the research ideas,the present situation,the research methods and the sources of the modal adverbs,"jue dui" and "jue" and their Chinese teaching.Then it makes a detailed analysis of "jue dui" and "jue" from semantic,syntactic and pragmatic perspectives.we mainly analyze its semantic functions from three aspects: Dictionary definition,semantic evolution and semantic features.In terms of syntax,it first examines the co-occurrence phenomenon of "jue dui" and "jue" with the judgment word "是"(shi)and negative words " 不 "(bu)" 非 "(fei)" 没 "(mei)" 无 "(wu)" 别 "(bie),and then analyzes the syntactic elements and position of "jue dui" and "jue" in the sentence.In terms of pragmatics,the main clause selection,subject person selection,tense selection,pragmatic function,textual function are discussed.Finally,we analyze the errors of "jue dui" and "jue" from the perspective of Chinese teaching,and mainly solves the following problems: first,what are the main errors in the use of foreign students;second,the reasons for the errors;and third,what kind of teaching methods can be used to achieve the purpose of solving the errors.Through the investigation and analysis of the HSK corpus,five types of errors have been summarized: confusion and misuse of words,wrong order,omission of syntactic components,redundancy of syntactic elements and typos in conventional words,which are used to make teaching suggestions.更多还原