【作者】 李杰；

【导师】 刘群栋；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 中国古典文献学， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 在中华文明历史发展的过程中,儒家文化占据了很重要的地位,其对中华民族文化底蕴、道德传统和行为方式的形成有着至关重要的作用。孔子是儒学中集中论述“义利”的第一人。深入研究孔子义利观,把握其中的真正内涵和时代特征,不仅可以起到正本清源的作用,而且能够更为全面地发掘其中的历史价值、更好地发扬道德取向的精神力量。对孔子之“义”字最恰当的解释是“合宜”,因此“义”就是最正当、最合适的选择。如此,也就有了“利者,义之和也”“利物足以和义”“义,利之本也”的观点。合宜的“义”就是正确的“利”。所以,“不义而富且贵”注定不是长久的、正当的利益;“见利思义”的重点不在“思义”,而在于合于义的长久之利;“义然后取,人不厌其取”的重点不在于“义然后取”,而在于“不厌其取”。因此,对于孔子义利观最恰当的解释不是“以义制利”,而是“义以生利”。当然,孔子义利观也不可避免地受到其所属时代思想的限制。所以,“正名”思想是实施义利观的前提,“亲亲”的仁和“尊尊”的礼是孔子义利观的实施途径,孔子义利观的权变特征是理想和现实相互冲突时的灵活选择,人性的自觉是孔子义利观充分运用个体主观能动性来关注现实的结果。在悠久的义利观发展史上,从先秦时期的孔子、孟子、荀子,到汉代的董仲舒,两宋的张载、二程、朱熹、陈淳,明清时期的王阳明、李贽、颜元等一代代儒学代表人物,从没有中断过对义利观的解读和改造。各位思想家不断地从孔子义利观中汲取自己所需要的营养,并能结合自身所处的时代背景,加以发展和改造,而后提出自己的义利思想。这些有关义利的思辨主导了当时的道德风尚和价值取向,对其所处社会产生了极为广大和深刻的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the course of the development of Chinese civilization,the Confucian Culture occupies a very important position,which plays a vital role in the formation of the Chinese culture,moral tradition and behavior.Confucius was the first person to concentrate on "righteousness and benefit" in Confucianism.A thorough study of Confucius’ s view of justice and interests and a grasp of its real connotation and characteristics of the Times can not only play the role of rectifying the source,but also more fully explore its historical value and better carry forward the moral orientation of the spiritual force.The proper interpretation of Confucius’ s word "righteousness" is "propriety",and therefore "righteousness" is the most just and proper choice.In this way,there is also a "profit,the sum of righteousness","profit enough and righteousness","righteousness,the basis of interest" point of view.The proper "righteousness" is the correct "benefit".Therefore,"unjust enrichment and expensive" is not destined to be a long-term,legitimate interests,"see benefit thinking" is not the focus of "meaning",but the long-term Benefits of justice;"Righteousness and then take,people do not tire of it" is not the focus of "righteousness and then take," but "do not tire of its take.Therefore,the most appropriate explanation for Confucius’ s view of justice and interest is not "justice for profit",but "justice for profit".Of course,Confucius’ s view of justice and interest is inevitably limited by the ideology of his time.Therefore,the thought of "rectifying names" is the premise of the implementation of the concept of justice and benefit,the benevolence of "kissing" and the courtesy of "respecting" are the implementation ways of Confucius’ s concept of justice and benefit,and the contingency feature of Confucius’ s concept of justice and benefit is a flexible choice when ideal and reality conflict each other,the self-consciousness of human nature is the result of Confucius’ s view of justice and benefit,which makes full use of individual subjective initiative to pay attention to reality.In the long history of the concept of righteousness and benefit,from Confucius,Mencius and Xunzi in the pre-qin period to Dong Zhongshu in the Han Dynasty,Zhang Zai,Er Cheng,Zhu Xi and Chen Chun in the Song Dynasty,Wang Yangming,Li Zhi and Yan Yuan in the Ming and Qing dynasties,never interrupted the interpretation and transformation of the concept of justice and benefit.The thinkers have constantly drawn the nutrition they need from Confucius’ s view of justice and benefit,and have been able to combine with their own background of the times,to develop and transform,and then put forward their own thought of justice and benefit.These speculations about justice and benefit dominated the moral fashion and value orientation at that time,and had a great and profound influence on the society in which they lived.更多还原