【作者】 张迪；

【导师】 叔贵峰；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁大学 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2021， 硕士

【副题名】马克思对黑格尔真理观的实践变革

【摘要】 哲学以追求真理为己任,真理问题一直是哲学研究的根本性问题。哲学发展到近代,笛卡尔确立“思维”为原则,完成“认识论转向,”至此,哲学真正从“神学的婢女”中解放出来,“自我意识”成为独立的对象进入哲学的视野进而被加以考察。“物质与意识”、“客观与主观”、“对象与思维”的符合关系成为哲学研究的主要范畴。然而,无论是经验论还是唯理论,皆以知性、割裂、外在性的方式解读真理,真理在“外在符合”的认知方式下,犹如无水之源、无本之木,陷入“无根之境”。直至到德国古典哲学,真理才找到赖以生存的土壤。黑格尔作为德国古典哲学之大成者,特别重视对知性“外在符合”思维方式的批判、克服与超越。他创立思辨的思维方式,即在“理念整体”中把握事物发展过程中各个阶段和环节的逻辑必然性,可以说,辩证法的“内在符合”为科学体系之“魂”,“理性本体”为思辨哲学之“根”,“根魂相依”,黑格尔将哲学打造成“科学之科学”。马克思正是在继承黑格尔“合理内核”基础上完成新哲学的变革,运用“内在符合”的方式搭建新的理论阵地,建立以“实践”为根基的历史科学。马克思运用思辨哲学的研究方法,对资本主义社会的“异化”现象进行批判,揭示现实社会的经济前提,以“实践”为根基建构唯物史观,为实现历史发展和人类解放提供一条科学道路。马克思不满足于“绝对理念”的神秘性与抽象性,因此,他首先变革了黑格尔思辨真理的“根”,将目光由“遥远的彼岸世界”转向现实的人的劳动,以“实践”为桥梁打通人的主观目的性和物的客观实在性,同时,批判吸取黑格尔内在符合的“魂”,使真理的“内容”由认知领域的层次渐进转变为实践领域的相互确证,在人类物质生产的历史中实现主、客观的统一。因此,马克思在“内在符合”方式上打造“内容”之真理,与黑格尔的思辨真理观是一脉相承的,无论是思辨真理,还是历史真理,都是对知性思维的辩证克服与全面超越。更多还原

【Abstract】 Philosophy takes the pursuit of truth as its responsibility,and the issue of truth has always been the fundamental issue in philosophical research.Philosophy developed to modern times.Descartes established "thinking" as the principle and completed the "epistemological turn".So far,philosophy was truly liberated from the "ancilla theologiae",and "self-consciousness " became an independent object into the vision of philosophy and was investigated.The correspondence relationship between "substance and consciousness","objectivity and subjectivity",and "object and thinking" has become the main category of philosophical research.However,both empiricism and rationalism interpret the truth in an intellectual,fragmented,and external way.Under the cognitive method of "external conformity",truth is like a source without water and a tree without roots,falling into a "rootless state".It was not until German classical philosophy that truth found the soil for its existence.As the master of German classical philosophy,Hegel paid special attention to criticizing,overcoming and transcending the thinking mode of the intellectual "external conformity".He created a speculative way of thinking,that is,to grasp the logical inevitability of each stage and link in the development process of things in the "Ideal whole".It can be said that the "internal conformity" of dialectics is the "soul" of the scientific system,the "rational noumenon" is the "root" of speculative philosophy,and the "root and soul are interdependent".Hegel built philosophy into "science of science".It is on the basis of inheriting Hegel’s "reasonable core" that Marx completed the transformation of new philosophy,built a new theoretical position by means of "internal conformity",and establish a historical science based on "practice".Marx uses the research method of speculative philosophy to criticize the phenomenon of "alienation" in capitalist society,reveals the economic premise of the real society,constructs historical materialism based on "practice",and provides a scientific road for the realization of historical development and human liberation.Marx was not satisfied with the mystery and abstractness of the "absolute idea".Therefore,he first changed the "root" of Hegel’s speculative truth,turned his eyes from the "distant world" to the real labor of human beings,took "practice" as a bridge to get through the subjective purpose of human beings ang the objective reality of things.At the same time,so that the "content" of truth gradually transforms from the level of the cognitive field to the mutual confirmation of the practical field,and realizes the unity of subjective and objective in the history of human material production.Therefore,Marx’s "internal conformity" method for creating the truth of "content" is in the same line as Hegel’s speculative truth view.Whether it is speculative truth or historical truth,it is a dialectical overcoming and a comprehensive transcendence of intellectual thinking.更多还原