【作者】 张杨；

【导师】 刘操；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁大学 ， 环境工程， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 本文基于雄安新区白洋淀研究项目,对白洋淀村落周边与淀泊连通的受到人类生活影响水域,开展白洋淀典型村落水域沉积物生态毒性评价研究,深入研究村落水域对淀泊水生态安全影响,以期为白洋淀农村水环境内源治理与生态恢复提供基础数据支撑。选取白洋淀下张庄、大田庄、邸庄、圏头乡、采蒲台5个典型淀中村为研究对象。针对村落周边开阔水面、塘类、沟壕和水道4种不同类型水域,展开实验研究分析。上覆水测定DO、ORP、p H、CODcr、NH₃-N、NO₃-N、TN、SRP和TP,基于《GB 3838-2002地表水环境治理标准》分析水体污染特征;沉积物中分析营养元素（N、P、S、C）和重金属（Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn）的空间分布特征,运用有机污染指数法、地累积指数法、潜在生态危害指数和沉积物污染指数等方法进行系统性的沉积物污染水平、生态风险评价;在5个淀中村和4类不同水域选取具有代表性的23个点位进行重金属赋存形态的提取,基于酸可提取态在总量的占比运用风险评估编码法评价淀中村重金属污染程度;选取摇蚊幼虫为指示生物,培养十天检测其成活率、SOD和Car E酶活性。（1）白洋淀淀中村周边上覆水总体处于地表水V类水标准。TP、TN含量均劣于地表III类水标准(0.05 mg·L^-1和1.0 mg·L^-1)。氨氮均值处在地表水标准III类水范围内,但最大值为5.01 mg/L,差异性较大。DO指标低于地表水标准III类水;ORP值处于158m V～-225m V之间,均值为73.20m V,部分水体属于黑臭水体。（2）沉积物TN、TP均值分别为1687.16和642.91mg·kg^-1,其TN、TP的最高值在大田庄水道水域,TN均值含量排序均为水道>沟壕>塘>开阔水面;除采蒲台外其余村落有机指数处于IV等级,沉积物中有机污染和有机氮污染较为严重。沉积物重金属Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn含量均值分别为0.17、55.77、35.52、28.25、19.99和119.74mg·kg^-1。赋存形态相关性分析得Cd与次生相具有相关性,相关系数为0.749;Cd的富集系数均值为1.65所以Cd金属元素的来源以人为输入为主。风险系数分别为SPI=1.85<5,RI=76.87<150。（3）村落水域沉积物的生物毒性排序为邸庄>下张庄>圏头>大田庄>采蒲台,邸庄水域沉积物生物毒性存在中-高水平,其余4个村落多为中-低等毒性。摇蚊幼虫的成活率在60%左右,虫体无明显变化,对外界刺激有较强的敏感度。白洋淀淀中村SOD酶活性与B1态Cu元素在p<0.01水平上显著相关。在p<0.01显著水平上,TN、TC、Ni和Zn与Car E酶活性显著相关,其相关系数分别为0.415、0.381、0.372和0.319;在p<0.05显著水平上,Cu、TS和TP与Car E酶活性显著相关,其相关系数分别为0.309、0.302和0.268。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the Baiyangdian Lake（BYDL）in Xiong’an New District,this paper studies the water areas affected by human life that are connected to the BYDL Village and the Lake.The ecological toxicity evaluation of sediments in the typical village waters of BYDL is carried out,and the influence of village waters on the ecological security of the Lake is studied,so as to provide basic data support for the endogenous governance and ecological restoration of rural water environment in BYDL.Five typical villages in the BYDL Lake,Xiazhang zhuang（XZZ）,Datianzhaung（DTZ）,Dizhuang（DZ）,Quantou（QT）and Caiputai（CPT）,were selected as the research objects.For the open water surface and ponds around the village.Four different types of waters,trenches and waterways,were studied experimentally.DO,ORP,p H,CODcr,NH₃-N,NO₃-N,TN,SRP and TP were determined in overlying water,and water pollution characteristics were analyzed based on《GB 3838-2002》;The spatial distribution characteristics of nutrient elements（N,P,S,C）and heavy metals（Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb,Zn）in sediments were analyzed.Organic pollution index（OPI）,sediment pollution index（SPI）and potential ecological risk index（RI）were employed to systematically evaluate the sediment pollution levels and ecological risks.23 representative sites were selected from 5 villages in the BYDL and 4 different water areas to extract the speciation of heavy metals,and the Risk assessment code was used to evaluate the degree of heavy metal pollution in villages in the BYDL based on the proportion of acid extractable state in total.The chironomid larvae were selected as indicator organisms,and the survival rate,SOD and Car E activities were detected after ten days of culture.（1）The overlying water around the middle village of BYDL is generally in the V-type water standard of surface water.The contents of TP and TN were lower than the surface water standard III(0.05 mg·L^-1and 1.0 mg·L^-1).The average value of ammonia nitrogen is in the range of surface water standard III,but the maximum value is 5.01 mg·L^-1,and the difference is large.DO index is lower than the surface water standard III water;The ORP value is between 158m V～-225m V,with an average value of 73.20m V.Some water bodies are black and smelly water bodies.（2）The mean values of TN and TP in sediments were 1687.16 and 642.91mg·kg^-1,respectively.The maximum values of TN and TP were in the waters of DTZ waterway,and the order of the average content of TN was waterway>ditch>pond>lake region near the residential area.Except CPT,the OPI of the villages were at level IV,which indicated that the organic pollution and organic nitrogen pollution in sediment were considerably serious.The average concentration of Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb,and Zn were 0.17,55.77,35.52,28.25,19.99 and 119.74 mg·kg^-1,respectively.Correlation analysis showed that Cd was correlated with secondary phase,and the correlation coefficient was 0.749.The average enrichment factor of Cd is 1.65,so the source of Cd is mainly human input.The risk coefficients are SPI=1.85<5,RI=76.87<150,respectively.（3）The biological toxicity of sediments in village waters is DZ>XZZ>QT>DTZ>CPT.The biological toxicity of sediments in DZ waters is medium to high level,and the other four villages are mostly medium to low toxicity.The survival rate of Chironomid larvae was about 60%,and there was no significant change in the insect body,which was highly sensitive to external stimuli.SOD activity villages in the BYDL was significantly correlated with B1 Cu at p<0.01 level.At the significant level of p<0.01,TN,TC,Ni and Zn were significantly correlated with Car E activity,and the correlation coefficients were 0.415,0.381,0.372 and 0.319,respectively.At the significant level of p<0.05,Cu,TS and TP were significantly correlated with Car E activity,with correlation coefficients of 0.309,0.302 and 0.268,respectively.更多还原