【作者】 李丹；

【导师】 刘佳奇；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁大学 ， 环境与资源保护法学， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 建设国家公园是保护生物多样性,维护生态系统原真性、完整性的重要手段,而科学合理的规划是实现该目标的基础和前提。我国国家公园体制试点工作开展以来,党中央、国务院对国家公园进行了明确的改革定位,相关规划工作取得了很大成就。而在全面推进依法治国的今天,将国家公园规划纳入法治化轨道,其重要性不言而喻。通过对域外国家公园规划的法制经验进行梳理可以看出,域外国家和地区尤其是西方主要发达国家和地区已普遍建立起了本国的国家公园规划法律制度体系。具体体现在规划体系的法律规定完备、规划程序的法律规定明确、注重对规划实施的法律规制、法律监督机制健全等几个方面。相比而言,通过梳理我国现有法律规定并结合具体试点的实际情况进行分析后可以看出,由于起步较晚、经验不足等原因,我国国家公园规划法律制度还不够成熟,仍存在许多问题需要完善。如规划体系的法律规定不系统、规划制定的法律依据不充分、规划的变更存在法律漏洞、监督问责机制不完善等。有鉴于此,在结合本国实际情况的基础上,有必要吸收域外的先进法制经验,进一步加强我国国家公园规划的法治化建设,更好地发挥国家公园规划的引导作用。具体而言:第一,明确规定国家公园规划的体系,在纵向上分中央和国家公园两个层级,在横向上包括综合规划、专项规划以及年度实施(管理)计划等类型。第二,加强对国家公园规划制定的法律规范,在制定时明确设置征求意见、信息公开、专家评审等具体程序,统一规定规划的编制和审批主体以及规划的周期。第三,填补国家公园规划变更的法律漏洞,通过建立实施评估制度、明确规划变更的法定条件、约束变更结果和健全补偿制度来予以解决。第四,完善对国家公园规划的监督问责机制,在加强权力机关监督的基础上,完善考核评价制度,并将规划纳入中央生态生态环境保护督察中。同时,充分发挥行政公益诉讼对于国家公园规划相关活动的监督作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 National parks are an important means to protect biodiversity and maintain the authenticity and integrity of the ecosystem.A scientific and reasonable planning legal system is the basis and prerequisite for achieving this goal.Therefore,the importance of building a sound national park planning legal system is self-evident Yu.Since the launch of the pilot work on the national park system in my country,the Party Central Committee and the State Council have made a clear reform positioning of national parks,and related planning work has made great achievements.By combing the legal experience of national park planning outside the region,it can be seen that outside countries and regions,especially major western developed countries and regions,have generally established their own national park planning legal system.Especially in terms of complete legal regulations of the planning system,clear legal regulations on planning procedures,emphasis on legal control over planning implementation,and sound legal supervision mechanisms,the regulations are clear.In contrast,by studying the analysis of the current status of my country’s existing laws and regulations and combining with the actual conditions of specific pilots,it can be seen that due to the late start and lack of experience,the legal system for national park planning in my country is not mature enough and there are still many problems.Need to be perfected.For example,the legal provisions of the planning system are not systematic,the legal basis for the formulation of the plan is not standardized,the change of the plan lacks institutional protection,and the supervision system is not perfect.Based on the actual situation of the country,it is necessary to learn advanced experience from outside the region to formulate a plan to ensure the subsequent reasonable construction of the park.Specifically: First,through a system that clearly defines national park planning,the planning is divided into national-level and national-park-level plans.Second,to regulate the formulation of national park plans,there are detailed regulations in terms of formulation procedures,editing and review subjects,and planning cycles.Third,strengthen the legal control of planning changes,and strengthen control by establishing and implementing an evaluation system,clarifying the legal conditions for planning changes,restricting the results of changes,and improving the compensation system.Fourth,improve the planning supervision system,strengthen the supervision of the power organs in the current pilot,and at the same time improve the assessment and evaluation system,and include the main body’s behavior into the central ecological and environmental protection inspection,and ensure the smooth flow of social supervision channels.Carry out detailed planning through the above actions to avoid waste of resources and environmental damage,so as to effectively solve the relationship between ecological resource protection and rational utilization,so as to achieve the unity of economic,social and environmental benefits.更多还原