【作者】 王莉莉；

【导师】 陈食霖；

【作者基本信息】 中南财经政法大学 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 阶级分析方法是马克思主义分析社会问题、发现历史真相的重要理论工具,阶级斗争理论是历史唯物主义理论的重要内容之一。然而,20世纪80年代末90年代初的苏东剧变,极大地动摇了人们对社会主义的信念,以福山为代表的西方学者趁机抛出“历史终结论”,马克思主义似乎陷入危机之中,关于阶级斗争的研究也逐渐退场。2008年全球金融危机的爆发,使得各种社会矛盾日益激化,也使得马克思主义理论价值重新为人们所认识。在此背景下,意大利左翼马克思主义学者多米尼克·洛苏尔多重释了马克思阶级斗争理论。在《阶级斗争:政治的和哲学的历史》这一文本中,洛苏尔多立足于历史唯物主义,考察了马克思阶级斗争理论自产生以来在具体历史进程中的演进,重新解读了马克思恩格斯的经典文本如《神圣家族》《德意志意识形态》《哲学的贫困》《共产党宣言》《资本论》等,梳理了马克思阶级斗争理论的形成与发展,重释了马克思阶级斗争理论中斗争主体和斗争目的等重大理论问题,并阐发了马克思阶级斗争理论的当代性。关于阶级斗争的主体,学界普遍将其解读为“阶级与阶级的对立”,尤其是资产阶级与无产阶级的对立。洛苏尔多根据马克思对民族解放斗争及妇女解放斗争的重视,拒斥这种“二元逻辑”的解读方法,认为这种二元逻辑的阶级斗争只是马克思在特定历史条件下,对资本主义社会进行政治经济学批判所使用的阶级分析方法,马克思阶级斗争理论实质上是多主体、多形式的一般社会冲突理论。关于阶级斗争的目的,洛苏尔多认为学界普遍将其归于经济层面的“再分配”是片面的,马克思的思想中蕴含着丰富的人道主义思想,马克思始终围绕着“人的全面解放”展开自己的理论研究,因此,在洛苏尔多看来,阶级斗争的目的不仅仅是“再分配”,更是“争取承认”。关于马克思阶级斗争理论的当代性,洛苏尔多既分析了它的理论有效性,同时又分析了它所面临的困境,即民粹主义的阻碍。洛苏尔多认为随着经济全球化的发展,国际国内的各种矛盾冲突并没有消失,民族歧视、种族歧视、性别歧视,以“禁运”作为“核武器”进行的经济封锁,以“人权”为借口的政治干预等等,使马克思阶级斗争理论依然适用于认识或者解决当今的时代问题。同时,由于当前所面临的复杂的国际国内矛盾,关于马克思阶级斗争理论的解读,人们很容易陷入民粹主义思维模式,将阶级斗争简化为穷人与富人之间的冲突而忽略了民族冲突以及性别冲突。洛苏尔多对马克思阶级斗争理论的阐释虽然存在一定的局限性,但他坚持和发展了马克思阶级斗争理论,为我们理解与解决当今的时代问题提供了有益的启迪。更多还原

【Abstract】 Class analysis method is an important theoretical tool for Marxism to analyze social problems and discover historical truth,and the theory of class and class struggle is also an important content of historical materialism theory.However,the drastic changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe in the late 1980 s and early 1990 s greatly greatly shook people’s belief in socialism and Western scholars,represented by Fukuyama,took the opportunity to throw out "the final conclusion of history".Marxism seemed to be in crisis,and the study of class struggle gradually withdrew.In the 2008 global financial crisis,various social contradictions intensified day by day,and the theoretical value of Marxism was recognized again.In this context,Italian left-wing Marxist scholar Domenico Losurdo has interpreted Marx’s theory of class struggle.In his main work of Class Struggle: Political and Philosophical History,he basing himself on historical materialism,inspected the development and oscillation of Marx’s class struggle theory as a political activity in specific history since its birth,reinterpreted Marx and Engels’ classic works such as Holy Family,German Ideology,Poverty in Philosophy,Communist Manifesto and Capital,especially the Communist Manifesto,and combed the formation and development of Marx’s class struggle theory as a philosophical theory.Based on these historical facts and theoretical studies,this paper reinterprets the category and purpose of struggle subject in Marx’s theory of class struggle and discusses its contemporary nature.As for the main subject of Marx’s class struggle,the academic circles generally interpret it as "the opposition between class and class",especially the opposition between bourgeoisie and proletariat.According to Marx’s emphasis on the struggles of the national liberation and the women’s liberation,Losurdo rejected this interpretation method of "dual logic" and thank that Marx’s class struggle of this dual logic was only the class analysis method used by Marx to criticize capitalist society in political economy under specific historical conditions.Marx’s class struggle theory was in essence a general social conflict theory with multiple subjects and forms.As for the purpose of Marx’s class struggle,Losurdo thank that it was one-sided for the academic circle to attribute it generally to "redistribution" at the economic level.Marx’s thought contained rich humanitarian thoughts.Marx had always carried out his theoretical research around "the overall liberation of human beings".Therefore,the purpose of class struggle was not only "redistribution",but also the "striving for recognition".In analyzing the modernity of Marx’s theory of class struggle,Losurdo not only analyzed its applicability,but also analyzed the dilemma it faced,that is,the obstruction of populism.Losurdo believed that with the development of economic globalization,various international and domestic contradictions and conflicts had not disappeared.Ethnic discrimination,racial discrimination,gender discrimination,economic oppression with "embargo" as a "nuclear weapon",political intervention under the pretext of "human rights" and so on,mad Marx’stheory of class struggle still applicable to understanding or solving the problems of today’s times.At the same time,it was precisely because of the complicated international and domestic conflicts that people were facing that it was easy to fall into a populist mode of thinking,simplifying the class struggle into a conflict between the poor and the rich while ignoring ethnic conflicts and gender conflicts.Although Losurdo’s interpretation of Marx’s theory of class struggle has certain limitations,he insists on and develops Marx’s theory of class struggle,which provides us with useful enlightenment for understanding and solving the problems of the present era.更多还原