【作者】 张丽梅；

【导师】 李伟华；

【作者基本信息】 云南大学 ， 世界民族与民族问题， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 德努族是缅甸的一个少数民族,这个民族以纸伞民族工艺闻名于缅甸。本研究以德努纸伞为研究对象,以艾约博“技能”相关理论为分析框架,调查其制作工艺流程、市场销售网络、传承与发展,在此基础上,分析影响纸伞发展的内外部政策与经济等因素,讨论民族发展与民族手工艺的关系,并进一步比较国内外少数民族文化发展的异同。德努纸伞事实上起源于我国,最开始由到缅甸挖矿的人传过去,经过改良与建构,逐渐变成民族符号。它的首要功能是农村雨具,它的消费者基本是作坊周边村落的村民,因此市场主要是农村与集市,销售量受“熟人关系”的影响比较大。经历了现代新型雨伞的冲击后,油纸伞的需求量骤减,单一的油纸伞经营已经无法满足作坊的正常运行,作坊迎来了一段黑暗的时期。民族旅游的发展给作坊带来了转机,作坊调整了生产策略,大批量生产受游客青睐的新型花纸伞。在经历这场技能转型后,原本的市场销售网络发生巨大变化。市场主力从农村与集市转到城市与外国游客,熟人关系在产品销售中半失灵,各作坊为了提升竞争力各显神通。在纸伞原料准备的整个过程,充满着熟人之间的相互合作,在市场销售中各造伞作坊产生了强烈的竞争。在其传承与发展中,德努社会特殊的婚后居住模式与作坊劳动力补充模式息息相关;造伞人自身与德努族的共同努力以及政府与德努文学文化与地区发展协会的助力,使得德努纸伞不管是作为生计或是文化都得到了推广与持续发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Danu is an ethnic group in Myanmar,which is famous for its paper umbrella technology.Based on the analysis of Jacob Eyferth "skill" theory,this study investigates the production process,marketing network,inheritance and development,analyzes the internal and external policies and economic factors affecting the development of paper umbrellas,discusses the relationship between the development of ethnic groups and ethnic handicrafts,and further compares the development of ethnic minority cultures at home and abroad Similarities and differences.In fact,Danu paper umbrella originated in China.It was first passed on by the people who came to Myanmar to dig mines.After improvement,it gradually became a national symbol.Its primary function is rural rain gear,its audience is basically the villagers around the workshop,so the market is mainly rural and market,and the sales volume is greatly affected by the "acquaintance relationship".After experiencing the impact of modern new umbrella,the demand for oil paper umbrella has decreased dramatically.The single oil paper umbrella management has been unable to meet the normal operation of the workshop,and the workshop ushered in a dark period.Fortunately,the development of national tourism has brought a turning point to the workshop,which has adjusted its production strategy and mass produced the new flower paper umbrella favored by tourists.After this skill transformation,the original marketing network has changed dramatically.The main force of the market shifted from the countryside and markets to the cities and foreign tourists.The acquaintance relationship half failed in the product sales.The whole process of preparing paper umbrella materials is full of mutual cooperation between acquaintances,and there is strong competition among various umbrella workshops in the marketing.In its inheritance and development,it embodies the workshop labor supplement mode closely related to the special post marriage living mode of the Danu society;the joint efforts of the umbrella maker and the Danu people,as well as the assistance of the government and the Danu literature culture and Regional Development Association,make the Danu paper umbrella be promoted and continuously developed as a livelihood or culture.更多还原