【作者】 杨敏；

【导师】 谢佑平； 刘清生；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 法律硕士（非法学）（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,随着经济的快速发展,交通行业也得到了迅速的发展,交通肇事案发生的频率在我国呈现出逐年在上升的趋势,给我国人民造成了一定的人身伤害和财产上的损失。《最高人民法院、最高人民检察院关于交通肇事案件的通知》以下简称《通知》及《最高人民法院关于审理交通肇事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》以下简称《解释》对本罪相关问题作了明确的规定,但有关交通事故案件在审理过程中仍存在很多争议。本文选用了三个存在雇佣关系条件的交通事故案,案件中主要的争议焦点有:一,雇主的“指使”行为及其罪责的界定;二,交通事故责任认定是否构成交通肇事罪的唯一依据;三,交通肇事的行为人逃逸后主动投案是否认定为自首;四,交通事故中是否应当“同命同偿”。经评析后认为:一,肇事车辆的所有人向某某,应对自己所有的货运车辆进行安全审核和管理的权利和义务,而雇员郭某某未取得合格驾驶证,且驾驶未进行合法登记和挂牌的车辆上路,造成交通事故,雇主应对雇员的行为承担相应的刑事或者民事上的责任。本案中雇主符合本罪的四要件构成要素,具有《解释》中的第七条里所讲的行为人实施“强令”和“指使”行为,且其该行为事故中的肇事行为存在因果上的关系,所以雇主向某某成立本罪。二,交通事故之后的认定书是公安机关单独出具的,只是一种证据材料,但并不是对事故的一种定局,认为交通事故原因不明应判无罪。三,交通肇事案件中"逃逸"不影响自首的成立。四,在我国交通事故赔偿上应当遵循“法律面前人人平等的原则”,实现“同命同偿”,从立法上对赔偿制度进一步加以改进和完善,方能有效的保障受害者的权益。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,with the rapid development of the economy,the traffic industry has also been rapid development,the frequency of traffic accidents in our country has shown a rising trend year by year,causing certain personal injury and property losses.The notice of the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate on traffic accident cases hereinafter referred to as the notice and the interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on certain issues concerning the specific application of law in the trial of traffic accident cases hereinafter referred to as the interpretation clearly stipulates the relevant issues of this crime,but there are still many disputes in the trial of traffic accident cases.This paper selects three traffic accident cases with employment conditions.The main points of dispute in the cases are: first,the definition of the employer’s "directing" behavior and its criminal responsibility;second,whether the responsibility of traffic accidents constitutes the sole basis for the crime of traffic accident;third,whether the voluntary surrender of the perpetrator of a traffic accident after escaping is regarded as voluntary surrender or not.it is concluded that: First,the owner of the vehicle causing the accident,Xiang,should carry out safety management on all his freight vehicles,with the right and obligation of examination,while the employee,Guo,has not obtained a qualified driving license,and driving a vehicle that is not legally registered or registered on the road,resulting in a traffic accident,the employer shall bear the corresponding criminal or civil liability for the employee’s conduct.Whether the employer establishes the crime of causing traffic accidents or not should conform to the four elements of the crime,but there are certain particularity in the objective aspect of the crime constitution,it should have the behavior of "compelling" and "directing" mentioned in article 7 of the interpretation,and the cause-and-effect relationship exists in the behavior accident.Second,after the traffic accident,the identification document is issued by the Public Security Bureau alone,just a kind of evidence material,but is not a certainty of the accident,that the cause of the traffic accident unknown should be acquitted.Thirdly,we should follow the principle of "everyone is equal before the law",realize "the same life and the same compensation",and improve the compensation system in legislation so as to effectively protect the rights and interests of victims.更多还原