【作者】 杨敏；

【导师】 焦胜；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 建筑学， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 随着城市化进程,我国城市土地利用发生了巨大变化,城市水体及调蓄用地减少,城市生态系统遭到破坏;加上全球气候变暖导致极端降雨事件频发,日益频繁的雨洪灾害成为影响中国城市发展的重要问题。根据我国对雨洪调蓄和内涝风险研究现状分析,近年来我国倡导的海绵城市建设从流域尺度到城市微观尺度都一定程度上缓解了雨洪问题,然而对城市中观尺度的雨洪管控考虑较少;并且在面对极端降雨情景时,海绵城市体系从根本上难以解决城市高危险的内涝问题;同时传统的内涝风险往往只考虑单一的危险性,对城市造成的经济损失鲜有研究,也难以将风险评价结果作用于城市规划实践中。因此本文从城市片区尺度出发,基于危险-损失的内涝风险评估,来识别内涝管控的关键区域;并结合城市调蓄空间,利用多目标优化模型,尝试探讨了灰绿结合的城市雨洪调蓄系统构建方法。本文选取长沙望城坡片区为研究区域,对研究区的地理水文、用地建设情况和排水系统进行调查和数据分析,并通过水文模型进行20年降雨情景雨洪模拟,根据模拟结果结合不同用地类型内涝损失率及用地单元经济损失情况,建立危险-损失的风险矩阵来评估内涝风险。通过分析研究区的调蓄空间,建立多目标优化模型得到灰色调蓄设计最优解;再结合灰色调蓄后的内涝风险与调蓄空间位置对比,得到解决剩余内涝的绿色调蓄设计布局;最终进行城市雨洪调蓄分级,形成灰绿结合的调蓄系统规划。研究发现,通过情景模拟的内涝危险性评价,发现了因排水管网溢流和城市不透水面地表径流而产生的两种内涝积水问题。耦合用地内涝危险性和损失程度,更能综合的反应内涝严重的关键区域,不同用地的功能属性和同类用地的不同资产性质都对内涝风险有着一定的影响。通过多目标优化模型,得到具体的调蓄池建设位置和容积规模,设计方案能够解决60%-80%的内涝问题,是解决排水系统溢流的重要调蓄方式。优化后发现未解决的内涝一部分是由于溢流点附近缺少满足调蓄池建设的调蓄空间来消纳积水,一部分是由城市地表径流汇集至低洼处产生的积水,因此将灰色调蓄优化后的内涝风险与对应的调蓄空间结合,进行绿色调蓄控制,可以更好的解决上述内涝问题。从城市规划角度,充分挖掘城市调蓄能力,构建针对内涝风险的城市雨洪调蓄系统,为解决城市内涝问题提出新思路。本文的重点在于探索城市雨洪调蓄的优化方法,了解雨洪内涝在城市中的危险和经济损失特征,从而调整调蓄规划的空间布局,充分利用城市调蓄空间,对城市内涝进行精准管控,促进城市可持续发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the process of urbanization in China,great changes have taken place in the use of urban land.Coupled with the frequent occurrence of extreme rainfall events caused by global warming,the increasing frequency of rain flooding has become an important problem affecting the development of Chinese cities.According to the analysis of the research status of stormwater storage and waterlogging risk in China,in recent years,the sponge city construction advocated by China has alleviated the urban stormwater problem to a certain extent from the watershed scale to the urban micro-scale.However,less consideration has been given to the stormwater control measures at the urban mesoscale.Moreover,in the face of extreme rainfall,sponge city system is fundamentally unable to solve the urban waterlogging problem with high risk.At the same time,the traditional waterlogging risk only considers the single danger,and there is little research on the economic loss caused by the city,and it is difficult to apply the result of risk assessment to the urban planning practice.Therefore,this paper starts from the urban area scale and identifies the key areas of waterlogging control based on the risk-loss waterlogging risk assessment.Combined with the urban storage space,the multi-objective optimization model is used to try to explore the construction method of the urban stormwater storage system with the combination of grey and green.This article selects the changsha wangcheng slope area as the study area,the study of the geographical hydrology,drainage system and construction of land investigation and data analysis,and based on the hydrological models for 20 years rainfall flood simulation scenario rain,according to the simulation results combined with different land use types and loss rate of inner land unit economic loss,the loss of waterlogging risk-the risk matrix to waterlogging risk assessment.By analyzing the storage space of the research area,the multi-objective optimization model is established,and the optimal solution of grey storage design is obtained by the optimization algorithm.Then by comparing the waterlogging risk and the space position of the storage after the gray optimization,the design layout of the green storage was obtained to solve the remaining waterlogging.Finally,the urban stormwater regulation and storage are graded by mesoscale and micro-scale,and the gray-green coupling regulation and storage system planning is formed.It is found that two kinds of waterlogging problems caused by the overflow ofdrainage pipe network and urban impervious surface runoff are found through the evaluation of waterlogging risk through scenario simulation.The risk and loss degree of waterlogging in the coupled land can better reflect the characteristics of waterlogging in the land space,and the functional properties of different land and the different asset properties of similar land have a certain impact on the risk of waterlogging.Through the multi-objective optimization model,the specific construction location and volume scale of the storage tank are obtained,and the design scheme can solve the 60-80% waterlogging problem,which is an important way to solve the overflow of the drainage system.Optimized found near unsolved waterlogging is partly a result of the overflow lack meets the storage space of the storage pool to given water,one part is produced by urban surface runoff together to low-lying water,so the grey to regulate the optimized waterlogging risk combined with the corresponding storage space,green storage control,can better solve the problem of the waterlogging.From the perspective of urban planning,the capacity of urban regulation and storage is fully explored,and a stormwater regulation and storage system for flood risk is constructed.The focus of this paper is to explore the optimization method of urban stormwater regulation and storage,to understand the danger and economic loss characteristics of stormwater flooding in cities,so as to adjust the spatial layout of the planning of stormwater regulation and storage,make full use of the space of urban regulation and storage,carry out accurate control of urban waterlogging,and promote the sustainable development of cities.更多还原