【作者】 刘静；

【导师】 叶贵；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 技术经济及管理， 2020， 硕士

【副题名】基于情境调节焦点视角

【摘要】 建筑业安全事故多发,安全形势十分严峻。而工人的不安全行为被认为是事故的直接致因,因而针对建筑工人安全行为的研究与管控非常重要。与建筑工人直接接触最多的班组长作为基层管理人员是项目安全价值与标准的一线落实者,在现场安全管理中承担了重大的责任。由于班组长与工人一同参与作业,其行为表现对工人而言十分直观,因而班组长的安全管理职能中,除去传统的现场监管,其榜样示范职能亦值得关注。建筑工人作为安全行为主体,调节焦点可以帮助理解其行为动机与倾向,其中情境调节焦点能够被特定情境所激发,因而本文引入情境调节焦点变量探讨班组长监管行为与榜样示范双重安全管理职能对建筑工人安全行为的作用机制。首先采用文献分析法识别了监管行为、榜样示范、调节焦点等因素,并结合理论构建了班组长双重职能对建筑工人安全行为作用机制的中介模型。随后采用问卷调查法获取了202份有效数据,并利用结构方程模型(SEM)进行路径与效应分析,采用Bootstrap方法进行情境调节焦点的中介效应检验。主要结果表明:(1)班组长监管行为与榜样示范均对建筑工人安全行为具有显著的正向预测作用,其中情境预防焦点部分中介了监管行为对安全服从行为的正向预测作用,情境促进焦点部分中介了榜样示范对安全倡议行为的正向预测作用;(2)较之监管行为,榜样示范对安全行为的正向预测作用更大。最后基于分析结果进行讨论。本研究结论强调班组长榜样示范对促进行为安全的重要性,在一定程度上验证了社会学习理论在建筑业安全领域的情境适用性,有助于为建筑工人安全行为的班组级管理干预提供指导;此外,本研究为建筑业行为安全研究增添了“双重职能—调节焦点—安全行为”的新内容,细致化探索了建筑业组织管理因素对工人安全行为作用机制,有助于为同时从班组长和建筑工人出发提出相应管理实践对策提供理论支撑。基于上述结论,本文认为在保证监管行为合理适度的情况下,应用榜样示范发展策略加强班组长的榜样示范职能,可以相当程度地提升建筑工人的安全绩效水平,值得更多的关注;同时可激发性以及对个体目标追求方式的影响使得建筑工人的情境调节焦点成为安全行为管控的重要突破口。基于此,本文对现场安全管理实践提出了相应的对策与建议:(1)监管行为是重要基础——提升班组长安全管理环境、加强支持性管理行为;(2)榜样示范是关键途径——班组长榜样示范的基本能力、宣传、受众群体以及可持续发展;(3)情境调节焦点是突破点——情境营造、提高安全绩效最低水平、营造倡议环境。更多还原

【Abstract】 The safety accidents occur frequently in the construction industry and the security situation is very grim.The unsafe behavior of workers is considered to be the direct cause of the accident,so the control and research on the safe behavior of construction workers is very important.Front-line supervisors-the foremen have the most direct contact with workers.They are the front-line implementers of safety values and standards of the project who have assumed significant responsibilities in the on-cite safety management.In addition to the traditional on-site supervisory behavior of the foremen’s safety management functions,the foremen’s behavior performance is very intuitive to the workers since they participate in the operation together with workers.So the role modeling of the foremen is also worthy of attention.Construction workers are the subject of safety behavior,the motivations and tendencies of whose behaviors can be understood with the help of regulatory focus.Among them,the situational regulatory focus can be inspired by specific situations.Therefore,this research introduces the situational regulatory focus variable to explore the mechanism of foremen’s dual safety management functions i.e.,the supervisory behavior and the role modeling on construction workers’ safety behavior.Firstly,the literature analysis was used to identify factors such as supervisory behavior,role modeling and regulatory focus,and combined with which,a mediating model for the mechanism of the foremen’s dual functions on construction workers’ safety behavior is established based on the theories.Then 202 valid questionnaires are recovered to obtain the data.And the path analysis as well as the effect analysis are run by the structural equation model(SEM).The Bootstrap procedure is used to test the mediating effect of situational regulatory focus.The main results showed that,(1)both the supervisory behavior and role modeling of the foremen positively predict construction workers’ safety behavior,of which the situational prevention focus partially mediates the positive prediction of the supervisory behavior on safety compliance,and the situational promotion focus partially mediates the positive prediction of role modeling on safety initiative;(2)compared with the supervisory behavior,the role modeling positively predicts more of the safety behavior.Finally,the discussion is based on the analysis results.The conclusion of this research emphasizes the importance of the role modeling of foremen on promoting safety behaviors,and to a certain extent,verifies the contextual applicability of social learning theory in the field of safety in construction industry,which helps provide guidance for interventions on construction workers’ safety behavior from the perspective of work groups.In addition,this research is able to enrich behavior safety research in the construction industry with the content of“dual functions—regulatory focus—safety behavior”,and explores the mechanism of organizational management factors on construction workers’ safety behavior in detail,which is helpful to provide theoretical support from the perspective of both the foremen and construction workers.Based on the above,this research believes that under the circumstances that supervisory behavior is reasonable and appropriate,the application of development strategy of the role modeling to strengthen one of foremen’s dual safety management functions i.e.,role modeling can considerably improve the construction workers’ safety performance,which deserves more attention.Meanwhile,the excitability and the influence on the way of individual’s goals pursuing make situational regulatory focus of construction workers an important breakthrough in keeping behaviors safe.Based on this,the following corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward for on-site safety management practices,(1)the supervisory behavior is an important foundation—improving the safety management environment of foremen and strengthening the supportive supervisory behavior;(2)the role modeling is the key approach—the basic capacity development,publicity,audience groups,and sustainable development of foremen’s role modeling;(3)the situational regulatory focus is the breakthrough—creating specific situation,improvement the minimum level of safety performance and creating enabling environment for initiative.更多还原