【作者】 陈康；

【导师】 范立云；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工程大学 ， 轮机工程， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 随着航运业的发展以及排放法规的日趋严厉,柴油机作为船舶的主要动力源,其燃油喷射系统的革新与升级迫在眉睫,高压共轨技术在改善发动机燃烧、降低有害物排放、提高发动机动力性与经济性方面具有巨大潜力,是未来船舶主机节能减排技术的重要发展方向之一。船用柴油机功率大,缸数多,所匹配的高压共轨系统管路布置形式多变,针对复杂液力作用下高压共轨系统的性能要求,本文开展了船用高压共轨系统结构形式的设计研究,分析了不同结构形式对共轨系统性能的影响,揭示了共轨系统多次喷射时喷油量波动的机理及变化规律。首先,针对船用主机结构特点及性能需求,开展了船用高压共轨系统概念设计。根据系统是否配置共轨管、共轨管数量与连接方式的不同提出了单轨、无轨、双轨串联与双轨并联四种结构形式的共轨系统,并基于AMESim平台构建了所有共轨系统的整机数值仿真模型,利用已有的共轨系统验证了建模方法的可行性。其次,针对不同结构形式对共轨系统带来的性能差异,以多缸循环喷油量与单缸循环喷油量分别表征不同缸喷油器同一个循环内喷油量以及某一缸喷油器连续多个循环的喷油量;以此两种循环喷油量的一致性以及压力稳定性为性能研究对象,对四种结构形式的共轨系统性能进行对比,分析不同结构形式对共轨系统性能的影响机理,结果表明双轨并联结构形式的共轨系统性能具有明显优势。最后,针对双轨并联共轨系统,研究了控制参数对循环喷油量一致性的影响规律。针对喷油器多次喷射时喷油量波动现象进行研究,揭示了喷油器分别进行预主喷射与主后喷射时主喷油量与后喷油量的波动机理,得出喷油量、轨压等因素对多次喷射时喷油量的影响规律,并对多次喷射时不同喷油器之间的喷油量变化情况进行了研究。研究表明预喷与主喷时产生的盛油槽内压力波动分别是造成预主喷射时主喷油量与主后喷射时后喷油量波动的主要原因,共轨系统在进行多次喷射时不同喷油器之间的油量偏差很小。研究结果可以为国内船用高压共轨系统自主研发提供理论支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 Marine engine being the main source of power of the ship,its fuel injection system needs to be innovated and upraded imminently with the development of the shipping industry and the emission regulations being increasingly stringent.High pressure common rail technology has great potential in improving engine combustion status,reducing the amount of harmful emissions,improving power and economic performance,which is one of the important development directions of energy saving and emission reduction technology for marine engine in the future.Marine engine usually has large power and many cylinders,and the matching high pressure common rail system has a variety of pipeline layout.Aiming at the performance requirements of high pressure common rail system under the complex hydraulic action,this paper carries out the design research of structure form of marine high pressure common rail system,analyzes the influence of different structure forms on the performance of the system,and reveals the mechanism and variation law of fuel injection quantity fluctuation in multiple injections.Firstly,according to the structural characteristics and performance requirements of marine engine,the conceptual design of marine high pressure common rail system is carried out.According to whether the system is equipped with common rail pipe,the number of common rail pipe and the different connection mode,four types of common rail system are proposed,which are Single Rail,No Rail,Double Rail In Series and Double Rail In Parallel.Based on AMESim platform,the numerical simulation models of the common rail systems are constructed,and the feasibility of the modeling method is verified by using the existing common rail system.Secondly,in view of the performance difference of common rail system caused by different structural forms,multi-cylinder cyclic fuel injection quantity and single-cylinder cyclic fuel injection quantity,which respectively represent the fuel injection quantity in the same cycle of different injectors and the fuel injection quantity of a certain injector for continuous multiple cycles is used.Taking the consistency of the above two kinds of cyclic fuel injection quantity and pressure stability as the research object,the performance of the four common rail systems is compared and the influence mechanism of different structure forms on the performance of common rail system is analyzed.The results show that the performance of the common rail system with Double Rail In Parallel structure form has obvious advantages.Finally,for the Double Rail In Parallel common rail system,the influence of control parameters on the consistency of cyclic fuel injection quantity is studied.The fluctuation phenomenon of fuel injection quantity of an injector in multiple injections is studied,and the fluctuation mechanism of the main fuel injection quantity in pilot-main injection and the post fuel injection quantity in post-main injection is revealed.The influence law of the fuel injection quantity and the rail pressure and other factors on the fuel injection quantity in multiple injections is obtained.Then the inconsistentcy of fuel injection quantity between different injectors in multiple injections is studied.The research shows that the pressure fluctuation in the fuel holder caused by pilot injection and main injection respectively is the main reason for the fluctuation of main injection quantity in pilot-main injection cycles and post injection quantity in post-main injection cycles.And the fuel quantity deviation between different injectors is very small when the common rail system is in multiple injections.The research results can provide theoretical support for the independent research and development of domestic marine high pressure common rail system.更多还原