汉唐长安城郊蔬菜水果种植研究

【作者】 张斌；

【导师】 李令福；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 历史地理学， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 汉唐时期长安城人口众多,对蔬果需求量巨大。城内所产蔬果又极为有限,在长安城外的郊区必然分布着集中的种类丰富且规模较大的蔬果种植区。这些城郊蔬果种植区对长安城的正常运转起着非常重要的作用。然而由于文献记载较为匮乏、零碎,关于汉唐长安郊区蔬果种植一直是语焉不详。近年来,随着一些考古工作的推进和相关研究成果出现,为进一步探索长安郊区蔬果种植提供了可能。因此,本文尝试以历史地理学的角度出发,来探究汉唐长安城郊蔬果种植,通过对其蔬果种类、种植情况、分布特点和意义等方面进行研究分析,以期望能从一个新的视角对汉唐长安城郊农业有一个较为深刻的认识。并在此基础上,结合现代郊区农业发展的现状,总结出了一些有益的启示,希望能对现代郊区农业的发展提供有益的历史经验。本文除绪论和结语外,共分为三章:第一章主要探讨西汉长安城郊蔬果种植的相关情况。首先对西汉长安郊区的蔬菜和水果的种类按照野生采集、人工种植和引进种类等三个类型分别进行考证和统计论述。又论述了西汉长安郊区的蔬果种植的情况,并尝试总结西汉长安郊区蔬果区域分布的特征,最后分析了西汉长安郊区蔬果种植的重要意义。第二章主要探讨唐代长安城郊蔬果种植的相关情况。对唐代长安郊区的蔬果品种进行论述,为了更全面的阐述品种情况,按照野生采集、人工种植和引进种类三个类型进行研究。再次,论述了唐代长安城内及长安城郊区的蔬果种植情况,并总结出唐长安郊区蔬果分布的区域特点,最后总结出了唐代长安郊区蔬果种植对本地乃至其他地区的意义。第三章主要对汉唐长安郊区蔬果种植进行对比研究,并根据汉唐长安郊区蔬果种植的情况得出对今世的相关启示。对汉唐两个时期长安郊区种植的蔬菜和水果种类,蔬果种植区域的进行对比探究,总结出了两个时期长安郊区蔬果种植的相同点和不同点。最后通过对西汉和唐代长安郊区蔬果种植的情况,尝试总结出对现代郊区农业有益的相关启示。通过本文的研究,大致还原了汉唐时期的长安郊区蔬果种类繁多的情况,蔬果的品种按照野生采集、人工种植和域外引进等分别进行了论述。并认为人工种植的蔬果品种不断变化是多种因素的影响,其中影响因素最大的是西域蔬果品种的引入。引入地与引出地的环境差异大小是影响引进蔬果能否成功移植长安郊区的重要因素。如果将西汉长安郊区按照方位大致划分为东南西北四个区域,蔬果种植分布呈现出一些区域差异。其中西汉长安西郊以竹笋为代表的等官营蔬果种植区,是长安城最重要的蔬果供应区;南郊地区以梨和桃等宫廷蔬果的产地,是皇帝的“蔬果篮子”;北郊可能分布着一些规模较大的私人蔬果种植区和以扶荔宫为代表的外来蔬果集中的分布区;在东郊是甜瓜等反季蔬果种植区。到了唐代,西郊还是长安城最大的蔬果供应基地;南郊以柿、梨为代表的大规模庄园产区,南郊的南山地区则是重要的野生蔬果采集区;东郊则以生产以甜瓜为代表的反季蔬果区别其他郊区;北郊的禁苑是樱桃、葡萄等宫廷蔬果重要产区,渭北地区则是可能是规模较小的蔬果种植区;唐代长安城内,特别是南部和西南部坊区有大量的蔬果种植地。此外,西汉唐代长安城郊区蔬果种植有诸多意义,是长安城重要的农业生产基地、引进蔬果的试验地和推广地、果圃基地,有社会救济和改善自然环境等功能。更多还原

【Abstract】 During the han and tang dynasties,chang’an had a large population and a huge demand for fruits and vegetables.Fruit and vegetables produced in the city is very limited,in the suburbs outside the city of chang ’an must be distributed concentrated varieties of rich and large scale fruit and vegetable planting areas.These suburban fruit and vegetable growing areas play a very important role in the normal operation of chang ’an city.However,due to the lack and fragmentary documentation,the vegetable and fruit cultivation in the suburbs of chang ’an in the han and tang dynasties has been obscure.In recent years,with the progress of some archaeological work and the emergence of related research results,it is possible to further explore the cultivation of vegetables and fruits in the suburbs of chang ’an.Therefore,from the perspective of historical geography,this paper tries to explore the vegetable and fruit planting in the suburbs of chang ’an in the han and tang dynasties,and hopes to have a profound understanding of the agriculture in the suburbs of chang ’an in the han and tang dynasties from a new perspective by analyzing the types,planting conditions,distribution characteristics and significance of the f uits and vegetables.And on this basis,combined with the current situation of the development of modern rural agriculture,summed up some useful enlightenment,hoping to provide beneficial historical experience for the development of modem rural agriculture.In addition to the introduction and conclusion,this paper is divided into three chapters:The first chapter mainly discusses the situation of vegetable and fruit planting in suburban areas of chang ’an in western han dynasty.Firstly,the types of vegetables and fruits in the suburbs of chang ’an in western han dynasty were researched and statistically discussed according to three types:wild collection,artificial planting and imported species.This paper also discusses the general situation of vegetable and fruit planting in the suburbs of chang ’an in western han dynasty,tries to summarize the regional distribution characteristics of vegetable and fruit in the suburbs of chang ’an in western han dynasty,and finally analyzes the significance of vegetable and fruit planting in the suburbs of chang ’an in western han dynasty.The second chapter mainly discusses the cultivation of vegetables and fruits in the suburbs of chang ’an in tang dynasty.This paper discusses the varieties of vegetables and fruits in the suburbs of chang ’an in tang dynasty.Thirdly,this paper discusses the planting of vegetables and fruits in changan city and its suburbs in tang dynasty,and summarizes the regional characteristics of the distribution of fr uits and vegetables in the suburbs of changan city in tang dynasty.The third chapter mainly makes a comparative study on vegetable and fruit planting in the suburbs of chang ’an in han and tang dynasties,and draws some enlightenment on the present world based on the situation of vegetable and fruit planting in the suburbs of chang ’an in han and tang dynasties.This paper makes a comparative study of vegetables and fruits planted in the suburbs of chang ’an in the han and tang dynasties,and summarizes the similarities and differences of vegetables and fruits planted in the suburbs of chang ’an in the two periods.Finally,through the western han dynasty and tang dynasty changan suburban vegetables and fruit planting situation,try to summarize the modern suburban agriculture beneficial to the relevant enlightenment.Through the study of this paper,the variety of vegetables and fruits in the suburbs of chang ’an during the han and tang dynasties was roughly restored.It is concluded that the variety of cultivated fruits and vegetables is influenced by many factors,among which the most influential factor is the introduction of the variety of fruits and vegetables in the western regions.The environmental difference between the introduced land and the derived land is an important factor affecting whether the imported fruits and vegetables can be successfully transplanted into the suburbs of chang ’an.If the suburbs of chang ’an in western han dynasty are divided into four suburbs according to the location,the distribution of vegetable and fruit planting shows some regional differences.In the western suburbs of chang ’an in western han dynasty,represented by bamboo shoots,the planting area for vegetables and fruits of the government was the most important area for the supply of vegetables and fruits in chang ’an city.The southern suburbs area to the pear and peach and other royal produce,is the emperor’s "fruit and vegetable basket";There maybe some large-scale private vegetable and fruit growing areas in the northern suburbs and the concentrated distribution areas of exotic fruits and vegetables represented by fuli palace.In the eastern suburbs is melon and other anti-seasonal vegetables and fruits growing areas.To the tang dynasty,the western suburbs or chang ’an city’ s largest vegetable and fruit supply base;Persimmon and pear represent the large-scale manor production areas in the southern suburbs,and the nanshan area in the southern suburbs is an important wild fruit and vegetable collection area.Eastern suburbs to produce melon as a representative of the anti-seasonal vegetables and fruits to distinguish other suburbs;The forbidden garden in the northern suburbs is an important producing area for fruits and vegetables of the court such as cherry and grape,while the weibei area is probably a smaller planting area for fruits and vegetables.In addition,the tang dynasty chang ’an city,especially in the south and southwest fang district,there are a large number of vegetables and fruits.In addition,vegetable and fruit cultivation in the suburbs of changan city in the western han and tang dynasties is of great significance.It is an important agricultural production base,experimental land and promotion land for the introduction of fruits and vegetables,and fruit garden base in changan city.更多还原