【作者】 张彩云；

【导师】 陈伟东；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 地方政府学， 2019， 硕士

【副题名】以宜昌市L村为分析对象

【摘要】 随着我国社区服务发展,政府积极强化自身提供基本公共服务方面的供给职责,推进公共服务向社区延伸,有效满足了低保家庭、空巢老人、育龄妇女、残疾人等兜底保障连接类社群的基本公共服务需求。然而,在城乡社区利益群体深刻变化的背景下,笔者认为社区服务发展的关键是如何在当前基本公共服务逐步完善的基础上,探索建构具有针对性、有效性的社区服务社会化运行机制,回应社区其他类别社群的社会性服务需求。基于这一问题意识,笔者立足于社群主义理论,以精分社群为视角,在个人与社群之间的关系中观察社区服务社会化过程,并梳理本文分析维度:社群类别、服务项目、供给主体,透过以上三个维度观察L村社区服务发展的运行逻辑。本文在论述过程中,针对社区服务发展所面临的困境,分析社区服务社会化的形成要素。其中,社区社群分类精细化是破解如何把握社区服务利益群体需求特征这一困境的重要措施。社区群体需求偏好各异,笔者借鉴社群理论和分类概念,根据需求连接要素,将社区居民精细划分为不同群体,对L村社群分类的具体过程进行重点详叙。社区社群服务项目精准化是破解如何使社区服务与需求有效对接这一困境的重要措施。社区社群服务项目是依据社区群体需要,以社区为活动空间,针对需求和问题,为利益群体谋求解决方法。笔者对L村如何依据社群需求性质,设计、开发以及执行社区服务项目等内容进行重点解读,从中思考提高社区服务项目与需求匹配度的关键。社区服务供给主体多元化是破解如何增加社区服务供给主体这一困境的重要措施。社区供给主体单一,依靠政府无法满足,社群主义力图唤醒人们的社群整体意识、公益意识。笔者对L村如何培育社群服务供给主体,以及社群服务供给主体如何进行互动、协同等内容进行详细解读,思考丰富社会力量参与社区服务供给的路径。由此可见,在破解以上社区服务三大困境,探索社区服务发展方向过程中,社区服务社会化是社区服务发展的必然趋势,该趋势的落脚点是将居民组织化,以壮大社区服务力量。其中,按照居民需求和利益细分的社群是社区服务社会化实现的逻辑起点,针对性开展服务项目是社区服务社会化实现的重要依托,以社群服务组织为主体运作的协同机制是社区服务社会化实现的有力保障。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of community service in China,the government actively strengthens its supply responsibilities in providing basic public services,promotes the extension of public services to the community,and effectively satisfies the needs of the marginal group,such as low-income families,empty-nest elderly,women of childbearing age,and disabled people.However,in the context of profound changes in the interest groups of urban and rural communities,The author believes that the key to the development of community service is how to construct a targeted and effective social service operation mechanism of community service based on the gradual improvement of current basic public services,and respond to the social service needs of other community groups.Based on the theory of communitarianism,the author observes the socialization process of community service in the relationship between individuals and communities,and analyzes the dimensions of this paper;community categories,service projects,and supply entities.The above three dimensions observe the operational logic of community service development in L Village.In the process of dissertation,this paper analyzes the formation factors of community service socialization in view of the dilemma faced by community service development.Among them,the refinement of community classification is an important measure to solve the dilemma of how to grasp the demand characteristics of community service interest groups.Community groups have different needs and preferences.The author draws on community theory and classification concepts,and divides the community residents into different groups according to the demand connecting elements.The author focuses on the specific process of community classification.Accuracy of community service projects is an important measure to solve the dilemma of how to effectively connect community services with needs.The demand for community services has increased,and the number of service projects has increased.The community service projects are based on the needs of community groups and use the community as the activity space to solve the needs and problems for the interest groups.The author focuses on how the community of L Village designs,develops and implements community service projects based on the nature of community needs,and considers the key to improving the matching of community service projects and needs.Diversification of community service providers is an important measure to solve the dilemma of how to increase the supply of community services.The community supply subject is single,relying on the government can not be satisfied,communityism tries to awaken people’s overall awareness of the community,public welfare awareness,to emphasize the obligations and responsibilities of the state,the community and individual citizens,to jointly govern the society and manage the country.The author makes a detailed interpretation of how the community of L Village fosters the community service supply and how the community service providers interact and coordinate,and considers the path of enriching social forces to participate in community service provision.It can be seen that in the process of cracking the three dilemmas of the above community services and exploring the development direction of community services,the socialization of community services is an inevitable trend of community service development.The trend is to organize the residents to strengthen the community service.Among them,the community segmented according to the needs and interests of residents is the logical starting point for the realization of community service socialization-Targeted service projects are the important support for the realization of community service socialization.The collaborative mechanism based on the community service organization is a powerful guarantee for the socialization of community service.更多还原